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01 Introduction

This document provides an overview of a digital logic design course. It discusses (1) the fundamentals of digital logic including binary numbers and basic digital circuits, (2) how to design combinational and sequential logic circuits, and (3) an introduction to digital systems including how digital and analog quantities are represented and the advantages of digital technologies.

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Elsteffen Gunawan
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
48 views

01 Introduction

This document provides an overview of a digital logic design course. It discusses (1) the fundamentals of digital logic including binary numbers and basic digital circuits, (2) how to design combinational and sequential logic circuits, and (3) an introduction to digital systems including how digital and analog quantities are represented and the advantages of digital technologies.

Uploaded by

Elsteffen Gunawan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Logic Design

What is this course all about?


 The fundamental of Digital Logic
 Binary numbers and relate number systems
 Digital circuit building block

 How to design
 Combinational logic circuits
 Sequential logic circuits
Course Management
Introduction to Digital
Systems
Digital Technology
 The term digital is derived from the way
computer perform operations  by counting
digits.
 Today, digital tech is applied in a wide range of
areas.
 The tech has progressed from vacuum-tube to
discrete transistors to complex ICs.
Digital and Analog Quantities
 2 categories of electronic circuits:
 Analog
 Digital

 Analog quantity = continuous values


 Digital quantity = a discrete set of values
Analog Quantity
 Most things in nature  analog form
 Temperature, pressure, distance, etc
 Smooth, continuous curve like this:
Temp

Time
Digital Quantity
 Sampled-value representation (quantization)
 Each dot can be digitized as a digital code
(consists of 1s and 0s)
Temp

Time
Digital Advantages
 Digital data can be processed and transmitted
more efficiently and reliably than analog data.
 Digital data has a great advantage when storage
is necessary.
 Let’s talk about digital music…
Digital Music
 The media is very compact
but higher-density (and
counting):
http://www.dpreview.com/news/
 CDs 0303/sandisk512mb1gbsdcard.jpg

 Memory cards
http://www.wwwk.co.uk/images/homepage/compact-disc.jpg

 No more bulky and noise-


prone media like cassette
tape

http://www.cricketsoda.com/images/music/cassette_tape.jpg
Digital systems are
everywhere!!!
Binary Digits,
Logic Levels, &
Digital Waveforms
Binary Digits
 Binary system (either 0 or 1)
 Bit (comes from binary digit)
 Digital circuits:
 1 represents HIGH voltage
 0 represents LOW voltage

 Groups of bits (combinations of 0s and 1s) are


called codes
 Being used to represent numbers, letters, symbols,
(i.e. ASCII code), instructions, and etc.
Logic Levels
 The voltages used to represent a 1
and 0 are called logic levels. VH(max)
HIGH
 Ideally, there is only HIGH (1) and (binary 1)
LOW (0). VH(min)
 Practically, there must be thresholds Not allowed
to determine which one is HIGH or VL(max)
LOW or neither of them. LOW
(binary 0)
 CMOS VL(min)
 (2V to 3.3V  HIGH)
 (0V. To 0.8V  LOW)
Digital Waveforms
 Voltage levels that are changing back and forth
between HIGH and LOW
 (Ideal) pulse

HIGH HIGH

LOW LOW
t0 t1 t0 t1
Positive-going pulse Negative-going pulse

 At t0  leading edge, at t1  trailing edge


Non-Ideal Pulse

90%

tw
Amplitude 50%
Pulse width

10%

tr tf
Rise time Fall time
Waveform Characteristics
 Waveforms = series of pulses (called pulse train)
 Periodic

T1 T2 T3
 Period (T) = T1 = T2 = T3 = … = Tn
 Frequency (f) = 1/T
 Nonperiodic
Duty Cycle
 Ratio of the pulse width (tw) to the period (T)

Duty cycle = ( tw / T ) x 100%


Example
 From a portion of a periodic waveform (as
shown) determine:
a) Period
b) Frequency
c) Duty cycle
T

tw

0 1 10 11 t (ms)
Waveform & Binary Information
Bit
time
1
clock
0

1
A
0
Bit sequence 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1
represented
by waveform
A
Data Transfer
 Binary data are transferred in two ways:
 Serial – bits are sent one bit at a time
 Parallel – all the bits in a group are sent out on
separate lines at the same time (one line for each bit)
 Serial over Parallel
 Advantage: less transmission line
 Disadvantage: takes more time

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