Indian Electricity Grid Code

Asit Singh
Southern Regional Power Committee
Bangalore
June 2010
 Contents
1. General
2. Role of various organisations and their linkages
3. Planning code for Inter State Transmission
4. Connection Code
5. Operating Code
6. Scheduling and Despatch Code
7. Miscellaneous

2
1. General
 Introduction
IEGC

Rules
Guidelines
Standards

for

Utilities ISTS

To plan, develop, operate & connected with / using

maintain National/Regional
Grid
Power System • Documentation of the principles
which define relationship
between various users
•Facilitation of optimal operation
•Facilitation power
markets and ancillary services
• Facilitation 4
renewable energy sources
 Compliance Oversight (1.5)

RLDC
Report
Repeated
Violation/
Persistent
suo-motto CERC
Non
Compliance Action

RPC Consensus
Report issues
not sorted

5
 Compliance Oversight (1.5)

Non Compliance
by
NLDC, Report CERC
RLDC, by any
SLDC, person Action
RPC through
or any other person petition

6
 2. Role of
Various Organizations and their
linkages
NLDC, RLDC, RPC, CTU, CEA,
SLDC & STU
 Role of NLDC (2.2)
NLDC
• Economy and Efficiency of National Grid
• Monitoring of operations and grid security of National Grid
• Restoration of synchronous operation of National Grid
• Trans-national exchange of power
• Feedback to CEA & CTU for national Grid Planning
• Dissemination of information
• Levy and collection of fee and charges - CERC
• Disse Supervision Coordinate

Supervision & control

RLDC
Coordinate
RPC for
regional outage Plan
Inter Regional Links

Accounting
8
 Role of RLDC (2.3)

RLDC

• Real time operation , control & contingency

analysis
• Generation scheduling/ re-scheduling
Exclusive • Restoration
functions • Metering & data collection
• Compiling & furnishing of operation data
• Operation of Regional UI pool Account. Reactive
energy account and Congestion charge account
• Operation of ancillary services

9
 Role of RLDC (2.3)

RLDC
Apex body Functions
for •optimum scheduling
and despatch of
integrated electricity
operation Comply Directions •Monitor grid operation
the •Keep accounts of
directions SLDC electricity transmitted
• Exercise Supervision
and control over
Central State the ISTS
For ST • Licensee • Real time operations
Open
• Generating company
Access-
Nodal • Generating station / Sub-
Agency stations
• any other concerned person 10
 Role of RPC (2.4 )

RPC
• Facilitate the stable and smooth operations of the system
• Functions:
– regional level operation analysis
– facilitate inter-state/inter-regional transfer of power
– facilitate planning of inter-state/intrastate transmission system
– coordinate maintenance of generating units
– coordinate maintenance of transmission system
– protection studies
– Planning for maintaining proper voltages
– Consensus on issues related to economy and efficiency

MS SRPC shall certify Availability Decisions

of transmission system
Prepare Regional Energy Account,
Weekly UI, Reactive & Congestion
charge account RLDC/SLDC/CTU/
11
STU/ Users
 Role of CTU (2.5)
CTU

• to undertake Planning shall operate

transmission of
electricity through RLDC
ISTS
• to ensure development
of an efficient, co-
ordinated and
economical ISTS STU
State Govt.
State1 ISTS lines
Central RPC
Govt.
CTU/to provide non-discriminatory Open Access Generating
– Will not engage in trading and generation
State2 Companies
– For LTOA & MTOA nodal agency
CEA Licensees
12
 Role of CEA (2.6)

CEA
(Central Electricity Authority)

• will formulate short-term and perspective plans for transmission system

•specify technical standards for construction of electrical plants, electric lines and
connectivity to the grid
•specify safety requirements for construction, operation and maintenance of
electrical plants and electrical lines
•specify grid standards for operation and maintenance of transmission lines
•specify conditions for SEMs
•Promote and assist timely completion of schemes
•To collect and record electrical data- cost, efficiency
•To carry out investigation ( Electrical system)
13
• Shall Prepare National Electricity Plan (NEP)
 Role of SLDC (2.6)
SLDC – Apex body in a State
• Optimum scheduling and despatch Ensure
• Monitor grid operations compliance
Directions and
• Keep accounts of electricity exercise
transmitted
supervision and
• Activities of control
Real-time operation Licensee,
generating company,
• exercise supervision and control generating station,
sub-station
Power System and any other
concerned person

Directions
State RLDC
14
 Role of STU (2.8)
STU
• to undertake
transmission of Planning shall operate
electricity through
intra-state transmission
system SLDC
• to ensure development
of an efficient, co-
ordinated and
economical intra-state CTU
transmission system State Govt.
Intra-state transmission system
RPC Generating
STU/to provide non-discriminatory Open Access Companies

Licensees
CEA
15
 Role of STU (2.8)
STU

• Energy transfer • Planning shall operate

• Efficient • Coordination
• Economical SLDC
Provide non-discriminatory
open access

• CTU
•State Government
Intra-state transmission system •Generartors
•RPCs
•CEA
•Licencees

16
 3. Planning Code for
Inter-state Transmission
• Introduction
• Objective
• Scope
• Planning Philosophy
• Planning Criterion
• Planning Data
• Implementation of Transmission Plan
 Introduction

Intra-State Inter-state Intra-State

CTU STU
STU

Transmission schemes
Transmission schemes for planning and
for planning and coordination
coordination CEA

18
 Scope of planning code (3.3)

Connected to/using/developing ISTS

CTU ISGS GC

ISTS

SEBs
IPP
STU Objective
Licensees
• specify principles,
Generation/Transmission of • specify procedures
energy to/from ISTS •specify criteria
•promote coordination19
•information exchange
 Planning Philosophy (3.4)
Long-term plan (10-15 years) Annual plan (5 year forward term)

CEA CTU
• inter/intra state transmission system • Identification of major
inter state/regional lines
• continuously updated to reflect including system strengthening
load projections and generation scenarios schemes
• Planning schemes shall also consider:
• NEP CEA’s:
• Avoid congestion  Long-term perspective plan
 Electric Power Survey of India report
 Transmission Planning Criteria and
guidelines
 RPC Feedback
 NLDC/RLDC/SLDC feedback
 CERC Regulations
 Renewable capacity addition
(MNRES)

20
Planning philosophy (contd...)
• System strengthening schemes by CTU:
– shall be done in consultation with CEA’s
Standing Committee for Transmission System Planning:
• Planning
– On the basis of PPA
– No PPA/ no consensus – CTU may approach CERC in
accordance with CERC (Grant of Regulatory approval
for Capital Investment to CTU for execution of ISTS)

• Planning data:
– submission by STUs/Users to CTU:
21
Planning philosophy (contd...)
• Voltage management by:
– capacitors, reactors, SVC and FACTs
– similar exercise by STU
• STU shall plan to evacuate power from ISTS
• ISTS & intra-state transmission systems are
complementary & interdependent
• If LTA Applications require strengthening of
intra-state transmission system – applicant shall
coordinate with STU

22
 Planning Criterion (3.5)
a) Planning criterion ISTS’s security philosophyCEA
guidelines
ia) Without load shedding or rescheduling of generation, ISTS shall
withstand and secure against the following outages:
– a 132 KV D/C line, a 220 KV /DC line,
– a 400 KV S/C line, 765 KV S/C line
– single Inter-Connecting Transformer (ICT )
– one pole of HVDC Bi-pole
b) Without load shedding but could be with rescheduling of
generation, ISTS shall withstand and secure against the following
outages:
– a 400 KV D/C line
– a 400 KV S/C line with TCSC
– both pole of HVDC Bi-pole or HVDV B2B stations
– Outage of 765 KV S/C line with series compensation
ii) Above contingency assuming a pre contingency system
depletion . All generating units within their reactive
capability curves and network voltage profile within limits
23
 Planning Criterion (3.5)
b) ISTS shall withstand the loss of most
severe single system in feed without loss of
stability
c) These outages should not cause:
– loss of supply
– prolonged operation of frequency below and
above limits
– unacceptable high or low voltage
– system instability
– unacceptable overloading of ISTS elements
24
 Planning Data & Implementation
• All S/S (132 kV & above) shall have at least two
transformers
• CTU will carry out reactive power compensation
requirement of ISTS & ISGS’ switchyard
• SPS may be planned by NLDC/RLDC in
consultation with CEA, CTU, RPC & Regional
entities – for enhancing transfer capability or to
take care of additional contingencies

25
 Planning Data & Implementation
• Planning Data (3.6)
– As per CERC (Grant of Connectivity, LTA and MTOA
in ISTS and related matters) Regulations 2009
• Implementation of Transmission Plan (3.7)
– Actual program of implementation of transmission
lines, ICTs, reactors/capacitors and other transmission
elements as per CERC (Grant of Connectivity, LTA
and MTOA in ISTS and related matters) Regulations
2009

26
 4. Connection Code
OBJECTIVE
Comply with Minimum • Ensure the safe operation,
CEA( Technical technical & integrity and reliability of the
Standards for grid
connectivity to
design criteria •Non-discriminatory
•New/modified connection not
the Grid) 2007
suffer or impose unacceptable
SCOPE effects
•In advance knowledge about
Connectivity
CTU
STU

ISTS

Users connected to ISTS or seeking connection to ISTS

 Procedure for connection (4.4)
• User seeking new/modified connection:
– Shall submit an application on standard format
in accordance with CERC (Grant of
Connectivity, LTA and MTOA in ISTS and
related matters) Regulations 2009
– CTU shall process as per above regulations

28
4.5 Connection Agreement

–Connection agreement would

be signed by the applicant in
accordance with CERC (Grant
of Connectivity, LTA and
MTOA in ISTS and related
matters) Regulations 2009

29
 Reactive Power Compensation 4.6.1

– by /STUs and Users in the low voltage systems

close to the load points therby avoiding
exchange of reactive power to/ from the ISTS
– Already connected shall provide additional
reactive compensation as per the quantum and
time frame decided by the RPC in consultation
with RLDC.
– Installation and healthiness would be monitored
by RPC

30
Data and Communication Facilities (4.6.2)
– reliable and efficient speech and
communication system to be provided
– Users/STU/CTU shall provide systems
• Flow
• Voltage
• Status of switches
• Status of transformer taps
– Associated communication system to facilitate
data flow up to appropriate data collection point
on CTU’s system as specified by CTU in the
Connection Agreement

31
 System Recording Instruments (4.6.3)
– Data Acquisition System/Disturbance
Recorder/Event Logging facilties/Fault Locator
(including time synchronization equipment )
shall be provided and always kept in working
condition
Responsibility for safety (4.6.4)
– CEA (Technical Standards for connectivity to the Grid),
Regulations 2007
– CERC (Grant of Connectivity, LTA and MTOA in ISTS
and related matters) Regulations 2009
– CEA (Safety Requirements for construction, operation
and maintenance of electrical and electric lines)
Regulations, 2008 32
Cyber Security (4.6.5)

International Connections to ISTS (4.7)

– By CTU in consultation with CEA and MOP

Schedule of assets of Regional Grid (4.8)

– CTU and other transmission licensees shall

submit by 30th Sep a schedule of transmission
assets as on 31st March indicating ownership on
which RLDC has operational control and
33
5. Operating Code

34
 Operating philosophy (5.1)
• objective of the integrated operation:
– enhance overall operational reliability and economy
– Cooperate and adopt Good Utility Practice
• NLDC:
– overall operation of National/Inter-Regional Grid
– develop/maintain detailed internal operating procedures
for national grid
• RLDC:
– overall operation of Regional Grid
– develop/maintain detailed internal operating procedures
for regional grid
35
 Operating philosophy (5.1)
• SLDC:
– develop/maintain detailed internal operating procedures
for State grid
• All licensee, generating company, generating
station and any other concerned person:
– comply with directions of RLDC/SLDC
e) round-the clock manning by qualified and trained
oersonnelof:
– control rooms of NLDC, RLDC, SLDC, Power Plant,
Sub Stations (132 kV & above)
– control centres of all regional constituents
36
 System Security Aspects (5.2)
• Synchronism:
– all Users, CTU & STU
– operate their power systems/stations in an integrated
manner
• No deliberate isolation of part of the grid:
– except under emergency
– safety of human/equipment
– when instructed by RLDC
– restoration to be supervised by RLDC in coordination
with NLDC/SLDC

37
 System Security Aspects (5.2)
• Important elements list at RLDC:
– not removed without RLDC’s consent or prior consent
– when specifically instructed
– list of important elements to be prepared and shall be
put on website of NLDC/RLDC/SLDC
– emergency removal intimated to RLDC
– tripping, reason, likely time of restoration intimated to
RLDC say within 10 minutes
– Important elements tripping to be informed to NLDC
by RLDC
– Prolonged outage ------ sub-optimal operation----
monitored by RLDC------report to RPC-------- finalise
action plan for restoration
38
Restricted Governor Action (5.2(f))
• Thermal generating > 200 MW and hydro units > 10 MW on
RGMO wef 01.08.2010
• Hydro with pondage upto 3 hrs, Gas Units, Combined Cycle, wind,
solar & nuclear exempted till CERC reviews
• When frequency stabilise at 50.0 Hz FGMO would be intoduced
• RGMO
– For Frequency < 50.2 Hz no reduction in generation when frequency rises
– Any fall in frequency generation should pick upto 105% MCR (thermal), 110%
MCR (Hydro)
– Ramp down/ Ramp down at 1% per minute
– At Frequency < 49.7 Hz ramp up cold be at higher rate
– Ripple factor of +/- 0.3 Hz shall be provided to avoid Governor hunting
– governors: 3% - 6% droop
– any exception: reason & duration to RLDC

– Governor operation shall not be suppressed by:

• load limiters, Automatic Turbine Run up Systems (ATRS), Turbine
Supervisory Control, Coordinated control system, deliberate dead
bands/time delays

39
System Security Aspects (5.2(j)(k)(l)(m))
• Generating output cannot be reduced by 100
MW(20 MW NER)
• User/SEB no variation of load by 100
MW(20 MW NER)
- exception with RLDC permission
• AVR shall be in operation:
– exception with RLDC permission: 50MW
– CTU/RPC shall tune/check PSS in AVR
• Protection & relay settings: finalized by
Protection sub-Committtee
• 49.5 – 50.2 Hz freq. Band
40
System Security Aspects (5.2(n))
• automatic under frequency & df/dt Relays :
– as per the plan of RPC;
– Relays/islanding schemes to be always functional
– RLDC shall inform RPC Secretariat when desired load
relief is not obtained in real time
– SLDC should monthly report to RPC/ CERC
– RPC Secretariat shall inspect relays and keep proper
record
– RPC shall decide and intimate action required to get
desired load relief
– RLDC shall keep a comparative statement of
actual/desired relief. Monthly report shall be sent to
RPC/CERC 41
System Security Aspects (5.2(o) (p) (q) (r))
• System Protection Scheme (SPS) (including inter-tripping
and run-back):
– To be provided
– Protection against Voltage Collapse, Cascade tripping, tripping of
important corridors/flow-gates etc.
– Finalized in RPC forum, always in service
• Adequate and reliable communication to be provided.
Redundancy & alternate path to be provided.
• Information/data regarding Disturbance recorder/
Sequential event recorder to RLDC within one week . No
data/information to be blocked to RPC/RLDC.

42
System Security Aspects 5.2 (s)

Voltage- (kV rms)

Nominal Maximum Minimum
765 800 728
400 420 380
220 245 198
132 145 122
110 121 99
66 72 60
43
33 36 30
System Security Aspects (5.2 (t) (u))
• Provide adequate voltage control measures
through Voltage Relay as finalized by RPC

• Special requirement for Solar/wind generators:

– RLDC/SLDC shall make all efforts – must run
– Backdown – system/ equipment/personnel security
– Data Acquisition System facility – data transfer-
SLDC/RLDC
– Var injection/drawal to be curtailed on instruction by
SLDC/RLDC
– During start up Var drawal (inrush) shall not affect the
grid performance

44
 DEMAND ESTIMATION FOR
OPERARTIONAL PURPOSES

Daily Inform to
/Weekly RLDC/
/Monthly RPC
Wind
Energy
Forecast
ATC/
Demand Estimation –
Active and reactive TTC
power
on-line estimation
for daily operationa historical data
l use and weather forecast

By 01.01.2011 – online estimation of

45
demand for each 15 min block
 Demand Management(5.4)
• SLDCs shall control demand in the event of:
• insufficient generating capacity/inadequate external transfer
• breakdown/congestion problems
• Demand disconnection
– frequency:
• below 49.7 Hz: shall initiate action to restrict their net drawal
• below 49.5 Hz: requisite load shedding
– Each User/STU/SLDC shall formulate contingency procedures and
make arrangements. Contingency Procedure to be regularly
updated and monitored by SLDC/RLDC
– SLDC through respective SEBs/Discoms shall formulate and
implement state-of-the-art demand management schemes-
roatational load shedding/demand response (which may include
lower tariff for interruptible load) etc. SLDC to furnish periodic
report to CERC.

46
 Demand Management(5.4.2(e)(f)(g)(h))
• Interruptible load in four groups:
• Scheduled load shedding/power cuts
• Unscheduled load shedding
• UFR/df/dt loads
• SPS loads
• No overlapping
• RLDC may direct to decrease drawal in contingency---SLDCto send
compliance report
• SLDC may direct SEB/Discom/bulk consumer to curtail drawal and
monitor
• RLDC shall devise standard, instantaneous, message formats
• Congestion – requisite load shedding or generation backing down .
Implementation as per CERC ( Measures to relieve congestion in real
time operation), Regulations, 2009

47
 Periodic Reports (5.5)

• weekly report by NLDC (put on • weekly report by RLDC (put on

website): website):
– Performance of national/integrated – Frequency and voltage profiles
grid – Major generation & transmission
• daily report by RLDC (put on outages
website): – Transmission constraints
– Performance of national/integrated – Instances of persistent/significant
grid non-compliance of IEGC
– Wind power injection – Instances of congestion
– Instance of inordinate delay in
• quarterly report by RLDC : restoration
– system constraints, reasons for not – Non-compliance of instructions of
meeting the requirements, security SLDCs by SEB/Discom
standards & quality of service
– actions taken by different persons • RLDC shall provide
– persons responsible for causing the information/report to RPC for
constraints smooth operation of ISTS

48
 Operational Liaison (5.6)
• Introduction
a) requirements for the exchange of information in
relation to Operations/Events on the total grid system
which have had or will have an effect on:
• National grid
• the regional grid
• the ISTS in the region
• the system of a User/STU
(the above generally relates to notifying of what is expected to
happen or has happened and not the reasons why)
b) Operational liaison function is a mandatory built-in
hierarchical function of the NLDC/RLDC/SLDC/Users
to facilitate quick transfer of information to operational
staff

49
 Procedure for Operational Liaison
• Procedure for Operational Liaison
a) Operations and event on the regional grid
• before carrying out any operation, RLDC will inform User/SLDC/CTU whose
system will be affected
• immediately following an event, RLDC will inform the User/SLDC/CTU with
details of what happened but not the reasons why
• RLDC to NLDC if other region is going to be affected
• immediately following an event, NLDC would keep all RLDCs informed
b) Operations and events on a User/STU system
• before carrying out any operation that will affect regional grid, constituent
shall inform RLDC with details
• RLDC to NLDC if other region is going to be affected
• immediately following an event, the User/SLDC shall inform RLDC with
details but not the reasons why
• immediately following an event, NLDC would keep all RLDCs informed
• Prolonged Forced outages – monitored at RPC level. RPC shall send a
monthly report to CERC

50
 Outage Planning (5.7)
Introduction
a) procedures for preparation of outage schedules for the
elements of the National/Regional in a coordinated and
optimal manner and the balance of generation and
demand
b) generation output and transmission system should be
adequate after taking outages into account to achieve
security standards
c) annual outage plan for the financial year shall be prepared
by RPC Secretariat and reviewed during the quaterly and
monthly basis. ROR, wind & solar power to be extracted to
maximum

51
 Outage Planning Process

proposed outage programmes by all concerned (30th Nov)

draft outage programme by RPC Secretariat (31st Dec)

final outage programme by (31st Jan)

monthly review quarterly review

Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar next financial year

Review by RPC Secretariat:
adjustments made wherever
found to be necessary in
coordination with all parties
concerned

52
 Outage Planning (5.7.4)
• In consultation with NLDC/RLDC
• In Emergency – RLDCs may conduct studies before
clearance
• NLDC/RLDC are authorized to defer
- grid disturbance
- system isolation
- partial black out in a state
- any other critical event
• Latest detailed outage plan – updated
• Each user, CTU and STU shall obtain one final approval
from RLDC
• RPC shall submit quarterly, half yearly reports to CERC
indicating deviations

53
 Recovery Procedures (5.8)

develops Detailed plans/procedures for

RLDC restoration of partial/total blackout
regional grid
consultations reviewed/updated annually
Concerned
Constituents
SRPC secretariat
develop

• Mock trials once

Detailed plans/procedures for
every 6 months
restoration of partial/total blackout
•DG sets to be tested
on weekly basis- reviewed/updated annually
quarterly report to be
sent to RLDC 54
Recovery Procedures (contd...)
• List of the following shall be available with
NLDC/RLDC/SLDC:
– generating stations with black start facility
– inter-state/regional ties
– synchronising points
– essential loads to be restored on priority
• During restoration following blackout, RLDC
authorized to operate the grid with reduced
security standards for v & f
• all communications channels for restoration shall
be used for operational communications only till
grid normalcy is restored
55
 Event Information (5.9)
• Introduction
– reporting procedures in respect of events to all Users,
STU,CTU RPC secretariat, NLDC/RLDC/ SLDC
• Responsibility
– RLDC/SLDC shall be responsible for reporting events
to the Users/SLDC/ STU/CTU RPC secretariat/ NLDC
/RLDC

– Users/ STU/CTU /SLDC shall be responsible for

collection and reporting all necessary data to
NLDC/RLDC and RPC secretariat for monitoring,
reporting, and event analysis

56
 Reportable events (5.9.5)
i Violation of security Standards
ii Grid indiscipline
iii Non-Compliance of RLDC’s instruction
iv System islanding/ system split
v Regional black out/partial system black
out
vi Protection failure
vii Power system instability
viii Tripping of any element
ix Sudden load Reduction 57
 Reporting Procedure
NLDC
weekly written report
of events
Users/STU/
RLDC CTU/SLDC
written report
of events
• Form of written reports:

i) Time and date vi) Duration of interruption

ii) Location vii) Recording System
informations
iii) Plant or equipment directly viii) Sequence of trippings with
involved time
iv) Description and cause of event ix) Remedial Measures
58
v) Antecedent Condition
 6. Scheduling & Despatch Code
a) demarcation of responsibilities
b) procedure for scheduling & despatch
c) Reactive power and voltage control
mechanism
d) complementary commercial mechanism
(Annexure-I)

59
 OBJECTIVE
•Procedure for submission of Capability declaration
•Procedure for submission of requistion/ drawal schedule by regional
entities
•Real time despatch/drawal instructions
•Rescheduling
• Commercial arrangement for UI/Reactive
• Scheduling of wind/solar on 3 hourly basis
•Appropriate Metering

SCOPE
Discoms Power
Exchanges ISGS

NLDC RLDC SLDC

Other Wind/Solar
SEBs/STUs concerned generators
 Demarcation of responsibilities (6.4)
Role of RLDC
Scheduling of CGS (Except where
full share is allocated to host state)

Schedul
Scheduling
RLD ing of
of GS GS
connected C
both to
connect
ISTS and ed to
state grid ISTS
and home
state is less
then 50%

Scheduling of UMPP
61
 Demarcation of responsibilities (6.4.4)
SLDC
Scheduling
Permitting drawal from
Open Access ISGS

SLDC
Regulating
net drawal

Scheduling and
6.4.8 Demand despatching
Estimation in Demand
coordination with Regulation
STU/Discoms 62
 Demarcation of responsibilities (6.4.6/7)

System of each regional entity shall be operated as

notional control area
Scheduled drawal + Regional entity would
Bilaterals on day regulate its own
ahead basis generation and load so
that drawals are
close to schedules

Regional entity would Endeavour

for UI=0 at F<49.7 Hz.
At F< 49.5 Hz ,automatic demand
management scheme/manual
demand disconnection 63
 Regional Entities Agreements
RLDC RPC
State1 State2 Joint/bilateral agreements for ISGS project1
State3 –State’s share in ISGS projects
–scheduled drawal pattern
ISGS project2
State4 –tariffs
–payment terms
ISGS projet3
State5

CTU Long Term, MTOA RLDC/SLDC

64
 Declare DC 6.4.9 Role of ISGS/ DC during
Faithfully
Penalty : Capacity Generating Station Peak Hours
Charges reduced > Other
Planned Outages Hours
OCC of RPC
When F<49.7 ,
When maximize generation
F>50.2 ,
backdown
generation ISGS
Deviation
from
Schedule
Generate as per Proper UI
despatch schedule Operation
advised to them and
65
by RLDC Maintenance
 Hydro ISGS
Run of river = Run of river
must run stations with pondage
Otherwise DC= IC + Over
spillage Load capacity
– Aux. Con

Hydro
ISGS
Deviation from
DC should take Schedule .
care of irrigation, Adjusted in 44th
drinking water, Respond to day schedule
frequency and S4=E4+(A1-E1)
industrial and inflows- no gaming
environmental & 66
concerns System Constraint
 Role of CTU

Weekly Install
Readings CTU SEMs

Constituents
where
SEMs
are CEA (Installation and operation of
located Meters ) Regulations 67
 Demarcation of responsibilities
Role of RLDC
Periodically review UI
Report
15 min
RLD drawal
C and
MS SRPC injectio
n

Gaming by ISGS

105 % in one block of 15 minutes and

101% over a day no gaming 68
 Role of RPC

REA, UI, Outage

Var RPC Planning
Accounting

69
 Scheduling of Role of NLDC
Inter-Regional
Power Exchanges HVDC
Settings

Trans-National
Exhange of
Power NLDC
Scheduling on
Inter Regional
Links .
Collective
Transaction Energy
Scheduling accounting
on IR Links-
70
with RLDC
 Scheduling & Despatch Procedure (6.5)
• List of ISGSs and beneficiaries
– all ISGS whose output is shared by more than state
shall be listed on RLDC and SLDC websites
– the station capacities and allocated/contracted shares
of different beneficiaries shall also be listed out
• State’ entitlement:
– Thermal ISGS:
(foreseen ex-power plant MW capability for the day) X
(state’s share in the station’s capacity)
– Hydro ISGS:
(MWH generation capacity for the day) X
(state’s share in the station’s capacity)

71
 Preparing final schedule

ISGS
station-wise revision final Despatch
MW/MWH Despatch Despatch schedule
capability schedule schedule starts

RLDC
12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1
AM noon PM

station-wise W/MWH
entitlement revision Drawal
required net final schedule
Drawal Drawal Drawal starts
schedule schedule schedule

SLDC
72
 Scheduling of Collective Transaction 6.5.5
Power
Exchanges 3. Check for Congestion
1. List of , reworked as per CERC
Interfaces, directive
Control areas 2. Interchanges
Interfaces, Control
areas

NLDC
4.
Consultation
6.
Individual
Transactions

SLDC 7. Schedule
individual
RLDC
transaction

5.Schedule 73
at respective
periphery
 Revision of schedules during the day
• any State may revise:
– drawal schedule from any/all ISGS within their entitlementsto be
effective from 6h time block)
• an ISGS may revise:
– capability on account of forced outage. (to be effective from 4th
time block)
– Revision (to be effective from 6h time block)
• Generator for STOA > 100 MW may revise:
– capability on account of forced outage. (to be effective from 4th
time block)
• RLDC can revise:
– In the interest of better system operation (to be effective from 4th
time block)
– Shall formulate procedure for meeting contingency

74
6.5.23 Special dispensation for scheduling of
wind and solar generation

• wef 01.01.2011 scheduling and UI would be

done for wind
- > 10 MW
- connection point at 33 kV and above
- PPA has not been signed
• Revisions effective from 6th time block . 8
revisions allowed for each 3 hour slot
6.5.23 Special dispensation for scheduling of
wind and solar generation

• Schedule of solar generation

– Availability of generators
– Weather forecasting
– Solar insulation
– Seasonal and normal solar generation curve
• Forecast to be vetted by RLDC
• Concerned RLDC/SLDC shall maintain records
and shall aim at utilizing the available wind and
solar energy fully
 Other Contingencies
• In the event of bottleneck in evacuation of power,
RLDC may revise the schedules which will be
effective from 4th time block and for 1-3 time
blocks schedules would deemed to have been
replaced by actual.
• Similarly for entire period of grid disturbance,
schedules will be replaced by actual
• No revision – if change in previous
schedule/capability is less than 2%.

77
 Other Contingencies
• Revised schedules implemented irrespective of
communication success
• For every change in generation schedule there
would be corresponding change in drawal schedule
• Procedure for recording the communication
regarding changes in schedules taking into account
to be developed by CTU
• Curtailment STOA -Collective Transactions-
MTOA-LTOA

78
 Final schedule & Documentation
• RLDC’s final implemented schedule:
– shall be the datum for commercial accounting
– shall be open for 5 days for verification/correction
• RLDC shall properly document the following:
– station-wise foreseen ex-power plant capabilities
advised by the generating stations
– the drawal schedules advised by beneficiaries
– all schedules issued by RLDC
– all revisions/updating of the schedules

79
 Reactive Power & Voltage Control (6.6)
• VAR Charges under Low
• VAR Charges under High
Voltage
voltage

EHV grid EHV grid

Q Voltage: < 97% Q

Q Voltage: > 103% Q

Beneficiary1 Beneficiary2 Beneficiary1 Beneficiary2

VAR charges
VAR charges
Pool Account
Pool Account

80
 VAR charges settlement
• No VAR charges for its own lines emanating directly from ISGS
• VAR charges at the nominal paise/KVArh rate as may be specified by
CERC and will be between beneficiaries and POOL (Present rate is
10.0 p/kvarh with escalation of 0.5 p/kvarh every year)
• RLDC may direct Regional entity to curtail VAR drawal/injection for
safety and security of grid or safety of equipment
• Beneficiaries to minimise injection/drawal of VAR if voltage goes
beyond + 5%.
• ICT taps may changed as per regional entity request to RLDC
• Tap changing (400/220 kV)and switching in/out of line reactors
(400kV) shall be carried out as per RLDC instruction.
• ISGS to generate/absorb VAR as per RLDC instruction, within its
capabilities and without sacrificing active generation..

81
 VAR charges between two beneficiaries on
interconnecting line owned by them singly or jointly
• Can agree mutually not to have any charges.
• Can mutually agree to adopt any payment rate / scheme.
Or can adopt rate specified by CERC.
• In case of disagreement, they have to adopt scheme
specified by CERC in Annexure -3 (given below)
X1 V > 103% X3
State A State B
X2 V < 97 % X4
• Payment to be made if one is to pay and other is to
receive and will be min(x1,x3)+min(x2,x4). IN SR it is
min(x1+x2,x3+x4)
• Payment will be between the two beneficiaries on one
to one basis 82
 7. Miscellaneous
• Nothing in this Regulation shall be deemed
to limit or affect the power of the
Commission….
• Conformity with the provision of Act…
• Nothing in this Regulation shall bar the
Commission to deal with any matter or
exercise any power under Act….
• May grant relaxation…

83
 Annexure-1 (6.1 d)
Complementary Commercial Mechanisms

84
 Generation Cost

Capacity charge + Energy charge

beneficiary1
UI
UI
Settlement UI ISGS
UI System Full
reimbursement
for generation as
beneficiary2 per the
Capacity charge + Energy charge generation
schedule

85
 Weekly bills & penalty (12, 13, 14)
UI
UI bills UI payment Settlement
RLDC System
Constituents
RPC VAR bills VAR payment Pool
Account
monthly payment
status

payment defaults CERC

• payment within 10 days from date of billing

• simple interest @ 0.04% per day to constituent for delayed payment
beyond 12 days.
86
 Regional Energy Accounting
Sun
Mon
15-minute block
Tue
SEM readings for a week
Wed
Thu
Fri
Weekly raw Sat
ISTS Sun
Connections  SEM data
Mon
Tue
Weekly
Wed
UI and 
Thu
Fri VAR
Constituents Account
Sat RLDC
Sun
REA Mon
Tue
Monthly (6th):

RLDC to tabulate UI account and REA in RPC’s CC 87

meeting on a quarterly basis for audit by the later.
 Complementary Commercial
Mechanism
• Money left in VAR account shall be utilized
for training of SLDC operators and other
similar purposes
• If paid-out > paid-in , proportionate
reduction
 Commercial settlement for Wind
Generators
Schedule Actual Implication on UI Implication UI implication
(MW) (MW) Purchaser in host state on wind
generator
100 100 To pay WG for 100 Nil Nil
MW

100 70 To pay WG for 70 30 MW UI Nil

MW and 30 MW to from RRF
RRF at UI rate of his
region
100 60 To pay WG for 70 30 MW UI UI for 10
MW and 30 MW to from RRF MW by WG
RRF at UI rate of his 10 MW UI to UI Pool
region from the
pool
 Commercial settlement for Wind Generators
Schedul Actual Implication on Purchaser UI Implication in UI implication on
e (MW) (MW) host state wind generator

100 130 To pay WG for 130 UI for 30 MW Nil

MW. For 30 MW to be passed on
receive UI from RRF RRF
at UI rate of his region
100 140 To pay WG for 130 UI for 30 MW UI for 10 MW
MW. For 30 MW to be passed on received from UI
receive UI from RRF RRF. UI for 10 pool
at UI rate of his region MW passed to
UI pool

100 160 To pay WG for 130 UI for 30 MW UI for 20 MW

MW. For 30 MW to be passed on received from UI
receive UI from RRF RRF. UI for 30 pool at UI rate and
at UI rate of his region MW passed to for balance 20 MW
UI pool at UI rate of 50.02
Hz- 50.00 Hz
 Commercial settlement for Wind and Solar
Generators

• Balance in Renewable Regulatory Fund

(RRF) surplus/deficit would be shared by
states in the ratio of the peak demands in the
previous month
• NLDC would prepare a detailed procedure
6.5.23 Special dispensation for scheduling of
solar generation

• wef 01.01.2011 scheduling and UI would be

done for solar
- > 5 MW
- connection point at 33 kV and above
- PPA has not been signed
 Commercial settlement for Solar
Schedule Actual Implication on UI Implication UI implication
(MW) (MW) Purchaser in host state on solar
generator
5 5 To pay SG for 5 MW Nil Nil

5 4 To pay SG for 4 MW 1 MW UI Nil

and 1 MW to RRF at from RRF
UI rate of his region
5 6 To pay WG for 6 1 MW UI to Nil
MW and receive for RRF at UI
1 MW UI from RRF rate
at contracted rate
NR WR ER SR
Gorakhpur Muzzafarpur

Allahabad Sasaram

Mughalsarai Sasaram

Raipur Rourkela

Korba Budhipara

Talcher Kolar

Jeypore Gazuwaka
NR WR ER SR NER
Chandrapu Ramagund
r am
Kankroli Zerda

Rihand Vindhayac
hal
Agra Gwalior

Malda Bongaigao
n
Purnea Bongaigao
n
Birpara Salakati
 References

• websites:
www.cercind.gov.in
www.srldc.org
www.srpc.kar.nic.in

96
Thank you!