Comparison of the experimental techniques used to obtain

foams out of medicines solutions

Smarandache, Adriana1, Nastasa, Viorel1, Militaru, Andra1, Staicu, Angela1, Trelles, Mario2, Moreno-Moraga,
Javier3, Pascu, Mihail-Lucian1
1
Department of Lasers, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele, Romania
2
Instituto Médico Vilafortuny/Fundacion Antoni de Gimbernat, Cambrils, Spain
3
Instituto Medico Laser, Madrid, Spain

FOAM PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES

DRUG - SPECIFIC TOPICAL FOAM NEW METHODS FOR FOAM GENERATION

Materials and Methods

Aetoxisclerol 2% Vancomicine HCl 2mg/ml
C14H30O2 C66H75Cl2N9O24
Perkin-Elmer Lambda 950 UV-Vis-NIR
TESSARI technique EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP for droplet irradiation
spectrophotometer
 TUNABLE LASER SOURCE:
maximum wavelength range 175 – 3300 nm
Panther EX OPO SURELITE
UV/Vis resolution ≤0.05 nm / NIR resolution ≤0.20
*OPO System pumped by a Nd:YAG Laser, range
nm
410 – 750 nm, 10Hz frequency, 5ns pulse
error of the spectrophotometer 0.004%
duration, 10Hz frequency
optical cells width 10mm
DROPLETS GENERATOR:
Raman spectroscopy system 532nm
Nd:YAG laser Microlab ML500C Hamilton
 Nd: YAG laser 250mJ , 5ns, 10Hz *Configurable Dual Syringe Pump;
(Continuum, Excel Technology), Surelite II  INVESTIGATION SYSTEMS:
10Hz frequency, 5ns pulse duration, *Ocean Optics Spectrometer - range 250 –
C ontroller
350 mJ - energy at 532 nm. 1100nm, optical resolution 0.02 nm,
Sa mple

 detection IC C D integration time 3.8 ms ;

camera Spectrograph *FASTCAM 1024PCI Photron – max. frame rate
(Princeton Instruments & Acton Research)
120000 fps ;
 spectrograph
 OPTICAL COMPONENTS:
(Spectra PRO 750, Acton Research) Sistem data acquisition *Neutral filters, Telescope, Lenses, Digital
 ICCD camera (Princeton Instruments). processing and control Shutter System 845HP Newport

Results Results
DRUG - SPECIFIC TOPICAL FOAM NEW METHODS FOR FOAM GENERATION

Vancomycin hydrochloride 2mg/ml

10

8
non-irradiated
Absorbance (abs. u.)

irradiated 5 min
6 irradiated 15 min
irradiated 2 h (clear solution)
irradiated 2 h (solution + precipitate)
24h after irradiation
4

0
200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Wavelength (nm)

* EXPOSURE WAVELENGTH: 266nm & 532nm

* AVERAGE BEAM ENERGY: 2mJ

Vancomycin hydrochloride Vancomycin hydrochloride

7000 -3 7000
bulk 2mg/ml ~ 1.35*10 M irrad.@266nm
irrad.with 10mJ@266+532nm E=3.6mJ V=10L
6000 6000
35 min
Fluorescence intensity (a.u)

Fluorescence intensity (a.u.)

5000 45 min 5000 3 min

55 min
5 min
4000 4000 7 min

3000 3000

2000 2000

1000 1000

0
0
200 400 600 800 1000
200 400 600 800 1000
nm)
nm)

Bibliography
1. A. Smarandache & al., Measurement of the modification of Polidocanol absorption spectra
after exposure to NIR laser radiation, Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials,
12 (2010), 1942-1945;
2. S. Gaspard &al., Submicron foaming in gelatine by nanosecond and femtosecond pulsed
laser irradiation, Applied Surface Science 253 (2007), 6420-6424.

Conclusions
 The development of sophisticated new drug delivery routes may represent methods to improve the efficacy and/or safety of the active pharmaceutical ingredients
 Several foam technologies have been developed in recent years.This study is focused on the first two clases: drug-specific topical foam and new methods for foam generation
 Previous absorption studies on Aetoxisclerol 2% solution before and after exposure to Nd:YAG 1.06 μm laser radiation have not shown important spectral modifications of it.
 Clinical experimental results prove that the exposure of tissues impregnated with foaming Polidocanol to laser radiation emitted at 1.06 μm improves the efficacy of the treatment. The effect of the laser light may be enhanced if the Polidocanol is introduced as foam.
 Using the Tessari method we produced foam by mixing Aetoxisclerol 2% solution and atmospheric air (1:4). The batch is passed between the two syringes about 40 times and the resulting foam is stable during 5-6 min.
 The obtained Raman spectra were more intense in foam form than in simple solution. This shows the fact that the laser light scattering produces a larger optical path of the laser beam in the sample and consequently a larger absorption of it by the foam components.

 Pulsed laser submicron foam formation has been demonstrated.

 Vancomycin HCl bulk/drops (10μl) was exposed to Nd:YAG (266+532) nm wavelength laser radiation, 3.6 mJ – energy, 5ns pulse duration, 10Hz frequency.
 After 15 min irradiation in bulk, the sample color is changed (yellow) and after 2h small bubbles at the sample’s surface are observed. The sample’s color was dark yellow.
 The droplets LIF spectra indicate a decrease with the irradiation time. The appearance of small bubbles was detected.

Financial Support
ANCS Program Nucleu, LAPLAS, No. PN 09 33; COST network BM0701 – ATENS

National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics Laser Spectroscopy Group Tel./Fax: +40214575739 *Corresponding author: [email protected]