Welcome to Beijing, China

1
Lesson 1: Emerging and Development
of Input-Output Analysis

Xiuli Liu

2015.9.16
 Outline

• Self Introduction
• The Founder of IO
• The Development of IO
• The Application of IO
• Some Examples
• Academic Organizations of IO
• Exercises

3
 Self-introduction

Management
Highest
Name Xiuli Liu PhD degree Major Science and
Education
Engineering
AMSS,
Graduate Chinese Marital
Married Birthday 1975-03
School Academy of Status
Sciences

xiuli.liu@amss
Cell Phone 15810683845 Office Tel 010-82541281 E-mail1
.ac.cn

4
 WORK EXPERIENCE
2010.3- Academy of Mathematics and System Science,
Associate Professor
Onward Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

2012.7-
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Senior Visiting Scholar
2013.1

2008.4-
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Visiting Scholar
2009.1

2007.3- Academy of Mathematics and System Science,

Assistant Professor
2010.3 Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

2005.2-
Siemens Company, Beijing, China Engineer
2007.2

2004.7-
Machinery information Institute, Beijing, China Assistant Professor
2005.1

5
 Research Interests

• Input-output analysis linked with econometric models

• Water, energy, environment management and
sustainable development
• Policy designing and evaluating

6
 MAJOR ACADEMIC POSITION
[1]Secretary vice general, executive member of China Input-Output Association (2010-2016)

[2] Senior Member of International Input-output Analysis Association (2007-)

[3] Senior Member of International Association of Engineering Technology (IAET) (2013-)

[4]Frontiers in Environmental Science, Editor (2014.5-)

[5]International Journal of Intelligent Information Processing, Editor(2010-2014)

[6] Journal of Systems Science and Mathematical Sciences, Editor (2014.1-2019.1)

[7]China Economic Forecast and Outlook, Science Press, editorial board member (2009-)
[8]Clean Coal and Energy, Hans Publishers, Guest reviewers(2013.6-2016.6)
[9]School of Management of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Part-time association advisor of
PhD students(2013.9-2018.9)
[10] Executive member of China Decision Science Association, branch of Operations
Research Society of China (2015.8-)
[11]Evaluation Expert of National Science Foundation of China (2009.1-)

7
 Selected Publications
• Xiuli Liu，Some Advance of Input-Output Analysis-Theory and Practice in China, Monograph, VDM
published，Germany, 2009.7
• Liu Xiuli, Chen Xikang, Methods for approximating shadow price of water in China, Economic Systems
Research, Vol(20), No.2, 2008, pp.173-185.
• Liu Xiuli, Chen Xikang, Wang Shouyang, Evaluating and Predicting Shadow Prices of Water Resources in
China and Its Nine Major River Basins, Water Resource Management, 2009, 23, pp.1467-1478.
• Xiuli Liu, Shouyang Wang, Geoffrey J. D. Hewings，Evaluation on the impacts of the implementation of
building energy efficiency standards on Chinese economic system and environment, Energy and Buildings,
2009, Vol.41, No.10, 2009, pp.1084-1090.
• Liu Xiuli & Chen Xikang, The Non-linear Important Coefficients Input-Holding-Output Model, International
Journal of Applied Economics and Econometrics, 2005, Vol.13, No.3, pp.429-438
• Liu Xiuli, CPE-IHO Model to Calculate the Direct, Complete and Conjunct Impact of Unfair Importation on
Import Country’s Economy, International Journal of Applied Economics and Econometrics, 2006, Vol. 14,
No.1, pp.35-44.
• Xiuli Liu, By Sector Water Consumption and Related Economy Analysis Integrated Model and Its Application
in Hai River Basin, China, Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 2012, 4(5), 264-276.
• Xiuli Liu, A grey neural network and input-output combined forecasting model and its application in primary
energy related CO2 emissions estimation by sector in China, Energy Procedia, 2013, Volume 36, 815-824.
• Xiuli Liu, Geoffrey Hewings, Xikang Chen, Shouyang Wang, A Factor Decomposing Model on Water Use
Efficiency at Sector Level and Its Application in Beijing (SCI), Journal of Systems Science and Complexity,
2015.9 Accepted, Forthcoming
• Xiuli Liu, A Way to Close Green Gap by Producers: Choosing Wastes Treatment Way and Pricing Green
Products (SCI), Journal of Residuals Science & Technology, 2015.8 Accepted, Forthcoming
8
 Students
Name Email Student No. Institute Major
KITTISACK PHOUTTHAVONG [email protected] 2015B8012807399 西双版纳热带植物园 生态学

PITOON KONGNOO [email protected] 2015B8012807400 西双版纳热带植物园 生态学

YONG GWON RI [email protected] 2014A8014608003 自动化研究所 模式识别与智能

系统
ADRIEN NDAYIKENGURUTSE 2015A8016412263 科技政策与管理科学研究所 管理科学与工程
[email protected]
AGNIESZKA LEJKOWSKA 2015A8016412262 科技政策与管理科学研究所 管理科学与工程
[email protected]
AKBER AMAN SHAH 2015A8008712237 管理学院 管理科学与工程
[email protected]
ATISH KUMAR JOARDAR 2015A8000207293 数学与系统科学研究院 计算数学
[email protected]
DAVAAJARGAL LKHAGVA 2015A8016412260 科技政策与管理科学研究所 管理科学与工程
[email protected]
IQRA ASHRAF [email protected] 2015A8008712236 管理学院 管理科学与工程

JAVHAR AMINOV 2015A8010207309 新疆生态与地理研究所 地图学与地理信

[email protected] 息系统
2015A8000207292 数学与系统科学研究院 应用数学
MUHAMMAD IBRAHIM [email protected]
PARAS BIKRAM SINGH 2015A8010307228 动物研究所
[email protected] 生态学
2015A8008007291 数学科学学院 运筹学与控制论
THOMAS WETERE TULU [email protected]
成都山地灾害与环境研究所
SYED TURAB RAZA 2015A8006309197
[email protected] 土壤学

RAMESH RAJ PANT [email protected],[email protected] 2015A8017107375 青藏高原研究所

9
 Please tell us

• Your name?
• Your country?
• Your education background?
• Have you learned some courses related with
economics?
• In 2-3 minutes

10
• Input-output analysis is a tool to describe the
economic system.
How to describe the economic system?

What can you see in the picture? 11

What’s the economic
system?

What’s the elements of

an economic system?

12
 Industrial Classification
• A business is classified into an industry based on its primary
economic activity. Currently, businesses are grouped or
classified into industries according to the Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system.
• Excel Example.
International Standard Industrial
Classification is a United Nations system
for classifying economic data.

Standard Industrial Classification (United States)

North American Industry Classification System
United Kingdom Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities
Russian Economic Activities Classification System (OKVED) (Russian)
Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification
Industry Classification Benchmark
Global Industry Classification Standard
Statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community (NACE)
Industry information (industry classifications)
13
Interrelationships between industries

Examples:
 Industries purchase from other industries
 Industries sell to other industries
 Industries sell outside the local economy
 Industries buy outside the local economy
 Industries pay their employee
 Industries pay taxes

14
 Basic Input-Output Logic
• The IO model is centered on the idea of inter-industry transactions:
–Industries use the products of other industries to produce their own
products.
– For example -automobile producers use steel, glass, rubber, and plastic
products to produce automobiles.
– Outputs from one industry become inputs to another.
– When you buy a car, you affect the demand for glass, plastic, steel, etc.
Electricity

Labor

……

15
 The Input-Output concept

labour Imports

Semi output
Raw finished
materials products
Final
 Basis of approach is that production of an OUTPUT requires
Consumption
INPUTS .
 The input- output linkages are recorded in a “transactions” or
“flows” matrix which records all payments TO and FROM a sector
within a year. Agri. Manu. Services
Agriculture 200 200 0
Manufacturing 200 800 300
Services 0 200 100
 Works on basis of double-entry book keeping, so that Gross
Outputs must equate to Gross Inputs.
16
Adapted from Regional and Local Economics
(RALE) Lecture slides – Lecture 2b
 Example of one input–output table
Inputs purchased by Intemediate Final demand sectors
demand
Agri. Manu. Services H’hold Gov. Ex Invest Gross
s por output
ts
Output produced
by
Agriculture 200 200 0 400 200 250 100 50 1000
Manufacturing 200 800 300 1300 300 200 250 -50 2000
Services 0 200 100 300 200 200 300 0 1000
Intermediate 400 1200 400 2000 700 650 650 0 4000
Inputs
Depreciation of
50 100 50
Fixed Capital
Compensation of
400 350 300
Employees
Net Taxes on
Production and
150 350 250
Operating
Surplus
Gross inputs 1000 2000 1000

17 17
 What is input-output analysis

• A snapshot of the economy system at a moment in

time

• A description of the physical relationships among

industry sectors (e.g., who supplies and who demands
intermediate and final goods and services)

• IO accounts summarizes production and utilization of

the output of different sectors of the economy system

18
 Usefulness
• To measure the economic impacts of events as well as public investments or
programs (IMPLAN and RIMSII).

• To identify economically related industry clusters and also so-called "key" or

"target" industries.

• To investigate the effects of inter-regional trade.

• To perform environmental input-output analysis (EIOA).

• To calculate important measures such as national GDP.

• As a tool for national and regional economic planning.

19
 Input-output Review

• Input-output analysis is widely applied throughout the world, such as the

United Nations has promoted input-output as a practical planning tool for
developing countries and has sponsored a standardized system of economic
accounts for constructing input-output tables;
• The US department of Commerce applied input-output routinely in national
economic analysis, and in regional economic planning and analysis by
states, industry, and the research community[1].
• Input-output method is identified to be the best approach when we reveal
knowledge about an area’s economy, estimate total impact of certain events
or policy changes and evaluate and assess specific goals, scenarios, etc[2].
• [1]Ronald E.Miller, Peter D.Blair (2009) Input-Output Analysis
Foundations and Extensions (Second Edition). Cambridge University Press
• [2]Leontief, W. (1987). Input-output analysis. The new Palgrave. A
dictionary of economics, 2, 860-64.
20
 Example 1:

Simulating and Evaluating the Impacts of the Implementation of

Building Energy Efficiency Standards on Chinese Economic
System and Environment

Xiuli Liua Shouyang Wanga Geoffrey Hewingsb

a Academy of Mathematics and System Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences

b Regional Economics Applications Laboratory, University of Illinois

Energy and Buildings, 2009, 41(10), 1084-1090.

21
 Question

 Chinese government will promote the progress of the

implementation of BEES in the near future.

 If BEENS were adopted by large floor space of civil

buildings, what’s the impacts of it on Chinese
economic system and environment?

22
 Research Aim

• To evaluate the direct and indirect economic

and environmental impacts of the
implementation of building energy efficiency
standards

• To find solutions to relief energy requirement

pressure and to reduce pollutant gas emission.

23
 Methods and Thoughts
Quantitative
Econometric
Method Direct
Impacts
Static
Comparison
Indirect
Impacts
Input-output
Model

Fig.1 Methods structure

24
 Two Scenarios of the
Implementation of BEES

Building Energy Intermediate Use of Primary Input of

Consumption Reduced Construction Changed Construction
(CEC,CEE) (CIU) Changed
(CII)

Pollutant emission Reduced;

Water Consumption reduced Value Added of
(SDE,CDE,QSW,NOE,SER) each industry
Changed
IO Model
(CVAE)
Total Output Changed
(CTOE,CTO) GDP Changed
(CVA)

Fig.2 Main economic and environmental respects that are affected by the
implementation of BEES in China from the view of input-output analysis
25
 8.00%
5.81%
6.00% 4.52%
3.21%
4.00% 3.00%
2.00%
Direct Impact Degree

0.00%
-2.00% CEC CEE CIU CII CDE SDE NOE SER QSW
-1.07% -0.46% -0.15%
-1.48% -2.46% -0.73% -0.21%
-4.00% -2.57% -3.32%
-3.66% -3.36%
-6.00% -4.59%

-8.00%
-7.96%
-10.00%
-12.00% -11.00%

k=1 k=2

Fig.3 Direct economic and environmental impacts degrees of the implementation

of BEES in scenario k
26
 0.0147
Changed degree of 34 Sectors' Total Output

0.0126
0.0105
0.0084
0.0063
0.0042
0.0021
0
-0.0021 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34
-0.0042
-0.0063
-0.0084
-0.0105
-0.0126
-0.0147

k=1 k=2

Fig.4 Changed degrees of 34 sectors’ total outputs for the

implementation of BEES in scenario k
27
 0.030%
0.0252%
0.025%
Indirect Impact Degree

0.020% 0.0179%

0.015%

0.010%
0.0038%
0.005% 0.0025%

0.000%
CTO CVA

k=1 k=2

Fig.5 Indirect impact degrees of the implementation of BEES on total

output and total value added of the whole economic system in scenario k

28
 Example 2: Xiuli Liu, A Method to Visualize the Skeleton Industrial
Structure Evolution Rule and its Application in China, Japan and USA,
Journal of economic structures, 2015, forthcoming

7 1 17
16 12 15

9 5 18
5 18 17

10 8 16
1 14

Figure 1. ISI of USA in 1972 Figure 2. ISI of USA in 1998

4 9 13 9 10
1

17 12
2 14
5

1 7 5 7 18 16

Figure 3. ISI of China in 1981 Figure 4. ISI of China in 1999 29

Table 1. Sector Definition of China, Japan and USA Extended Input-Output
Tables

Code Description Code Description

1 Agriculture 10 Machinery Industry
2 Coal Mining 11 Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
Electronics and Electrical Equipment
3 Oil and Gas Exploration 12
Manufacturing
Instrumentation Office Machinery and
4 Other Mining industry 13
other
Food, Textile, Paper-making and Electricity, Gas , Water Production and
5 14
Furniture Supply
Petroleum Processing and Coking
6 15 Construction
industry
7 Chemical Industry 16 Transportation, Post and Storage
8 Construction Materials, etc 17 Commercial and Catering industry
Metal Smelting and Fabricated Metal
9 18 The Other Services
products

30
31
 Other Interesting Potential Economic Impact
Studies

• The economic impact of the new sports complex in one

region
• The economic impact of Eco-tourism in one region
• The economic impact of Agriculture in one region
• The economic impact of a manufacturing firm leaving
a rural town

32
 Some published papers with IO method
• Interregional and regional input-output analysis: a model of a space-economy
• W Isard - The review of Economics and Statistics, 1951 - JSTOR
• I FOR more than four decades the construc-tion of a general location theory has been a
stimulating challenge to spatial theorists. Despite the productive efforts of Weber, Englander,
Predohl, Ohlin, Palander, Hoover, Losch, and others, the goals of spinning a theoretical ...
• 被引用次数：489
• Using input-output analysis to estimate economy-wide discharges
• LB Lave - Environmental Science & Technology, 1995 - ACS Publications
• The SETAC method employed by Hocking (Si would consider only one or two of the major
direct suppliers at each stage of production (shown in bold), whereas the economic input-
output life cycle assessment considers a larger universe of direct suppliers at each stage, ...
• 被引用次数：309
• Input-output analysis and tourism impact studies
• JE Fletcher - Annals of tourism research, 1989 - Elsevier
• Abstract Input-output analysis is now widely used to examine the economic impact of
tourism. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the usefulness of this analysis to study the
economic impact of tourism. It looks at the practical applications of this method of analysis ...
• 被引用次数：338
• The stability of interregional trading patterns and input-output analysis
• LN Moses - The American Economic Review, 1955 - JSTOR
• Economists have long been aware that the levels of income, employment, and output of
regions which trade with one another are interrelated. However, it is only in relatively recent
times that improvements in data as well as statistical and analytical techniques have ...
• 被引用次数：353
• Primary energy and greenhouse gases embodied in Australian final consumption: an input–output analysis
• M Lenzen - Energy policy, 1998 - Elsevier
• Input–output modeling of primary energy and greenhouse gas embodiments in goods and
services is a useful technique for designing greenhouse gas abatement policies. The
present paper describes direct and indirect primary energy and greenhouse gas ...
• 被引用次数：318
33
 Some published papers with IO method
• The Information Economy: Definition and Measurement.
• MU Porat - 1977 - ERIC
• ... are analyzed over a 120-year span. This volume contains the executive summary and the major
findings of the study. It defines information and includes a formal set of National Income and
Product Accounts for the primary and secondary information sectors, with input-output ...
• 被引用次数：1633

• Applying physical input–output analysis to estimate land appropriation (ecological footprints) of

international trade activities
• K Hubacek, S Giljum - Ecological Economics, 2003 - Elsevier
• In the last few years some studies have been presented, which link land use accounting and
input–output analysis (based on monetary input–output tables (MIOTs)) for the calculation of
direct and indirect land appropriation of production and consumption activities. The ...
• 被引用次数：250

• Environmental repercussions and the economic structure: an input-output approach

• W Leontief - The review of economics and statistics, 1970 - JSTOR
• ... be described and analyzed as an integral part of that network. ... II Proceeding on the
assumption
that the basic conceptual framework of a static input-output analysis is familiar to the reader, I
will link up the following exposition to the numerical ex- amples and elementary ...
• 被引用次数：1244 相关文章 所有 6 个版本

34
 Some published papers with IO method
• Allocating ecological footprints to final consumption categories with input–output analysis
• T Wiedmann, J Minx, J Barrett, M Wackernagel - Ecological Economics, 2006 - Elsevier
• We present and discuss a method that allows the disaggregation of national Ecological
Footprints by economic sector, detailed final demand category, sub-national area or socio-
economic group. This is done by combining existing National Footprint Accounts with ...
• 被引用次数：273 相关文章 所有 10 个版本

• Input-Output Analysis in Public Education.

• E Cohn - 1975 - ERIC
• Abstract: This study explores some techniques that could assist education managers in their
attempt to arrive at more optimal input and output mixes. The first part (Chapters 1-4)
provides an overview of the input-output concept in relation to its employment in the ...
• 被引用次数：104

• Energy input–output analysis in Turkish agriculture

• B Ozkan, H Akcaoz, C Fert - Renewable energy, 2004 - Elsevier
• The objective of this study is to determine the energy use in the Turkish agricultural sector for
the period of 1975–2000. In the study, the inputs in the calculation of energy use in
agriculture include both human and animal labor, machinery, electricity, diesel oil, ...
• 被引用次数：181 相关文章 所有 8 个版本 diktioaigaiou.gr [PDF]

• Methodological issues: tourism input-output analysis

• H Briassoulis - Annals of Tourism Research, 1991 - Elsevier
• Abstract Input-output analysis applied to the analysis of the economic impacts of tourism has
many advantages, but suffers from serious limitations. This article reviews the literature and
identifies the methodological issues in tourism input-output studies and the solutions ...
• 被引用次数：152 相关文章 所有 4 个版本 35
 The Father of Input-output Analysis:
Wassily Leontief
 Wassily Leontief was born August 5th, 1905 in St. Petersburg.

 His theories and methods of Input-Output analysis earned him the Nobel prize
in Economics in 1973.

 His analytic methods, as the Nobel committee observed, became a permanent

part of production planning and forecasting in scores of industrialized nations
and in private corporations all over the world.

 Professor Leontief passed away on Friday February 6th, 1999.

 For more information on his life, visit

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wassily_Leontief
36
 Main Publications of Leontief
• 1928: Die Wirtschaft als Kreislauf, Tübingen: Mohr: re-published as The economy as a
circular flow, pp. 181-212 in: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Volume 2,
Issue 1, June 1991
• 1936: Quantitative Input and Output relations in the Economic System of the United
States, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 18 (3):105-125.
• 1941: The Structure of American Economy, 1919-1929, New York, Oxford University
Press.
• 1951: The Structure of American Economy, 1919-1939: An Empirical Application of
Equilibrium Analysis
• 1966: Input-Output Economics
• 1966: Essays in Economics
• 1977: Essays in Economics, II
• 1977: The Future of the World Economy
• 1983: Military Spending: Facts and Figures, Worldwide Implications and Future
Outlook co-authed with F. Duchin.
37
 The U. S. IO Tables
• Leontief compiled 1919 and 1929 input-output tables of America.

• In 1944, He cooperated with the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and compiled the
1939 input-output table of the U.S..

• Around 1949, Leontief used the primitive computer systems available at the time at
Harvard to model data provided by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics to divide the
U.S. economy into 500 sectors.

• The U.S. input-output table in1947 was compiled and cost about 1.5 million dollars.

• After that, the U.S. input-output tables in 1958、1963、1966、1972… were

published.

• Today, in the USA alone, input-output is routinely applied in national economic

analysis by the US Department of Commerce, and in regional economic planning and
analysis by states, industry, and the research community.
38
 Spread in the World
• At about 1950’s, Some countries in west Europe and Japan begun to compile the
input-output table.

• In 1961, Russia

• In 1971, China

• In1973, the book Input-Output Tables and Analysis published.

• With this, the United Nations promoted input-output as a practical planning tool for
developing countries and has sponsored a standardized system of economic
accounts for constructing input-output tables.

• After 2000, more than 100 countries compiled IO tables and applied them.

• At present, only several countries with small territory and population in the world
have not yet applied IO tables.
39
 Academic Organization: IIOA
http://www.iioa.org/
• The International Input-Output Association (IIOA) is a scientific non-profit
membership organization founded in 1988. Its objective is the advancement of
knowledge in the field of input-output analysis, including improvements in basic
data, theoretical insights and modeling, and applications, both traditional and
novel, of input-output techniques.
• The IIOA grew out of an informal world-wide network of economists,
government officials, engineers and managers with interests in input-output
analysis.
Pre-Presidents and President of IIOA

Karen Planski Faye Duchin Jan Oosterhaven Geoffrey Hewings Eric Dietzenbacher
40
 IIOA Conferences
Time Location
23 23.-26.06.2015 Mexico City, Mexico
22 14. - 18.07.2014 Lisbon, Portugal
21 08. - 12.07.2013 Kitakyushu, Japan
20 25. - 29.06.2012 Bratislava, Slovakia
19 13. - 17.06.2011 Alexandria, USA
18 20. - 25.06.2010 Sydney, Australia
17 13. - 17.07.2009 Sao Paulo, Brazil
INT3 09. - 11.07.2008 Seville, Spain
16 02. - 06.07.2007 Istanbul, Turkey
INT2 26. - 28.07.2006 Sendai, Japan
15 27.06. - 01.07.2005 Beijing, China P.R.
INT1 02. - 04.09.2004 Brussels, Belgium
14 10. - 15.10.2002 Montréal, Canada
13 21. - 25.08.2000 University of Macerata, Italy
12 18. - 22.05.1998 New York University, USA
11 27.11. -01.12.1995 New Delhi, India
10 29.03. - 03.04.1993 Seville, Spain
09 04. - 09.09.1989 Keszthely, Hungary
08 28.07. - 02.08.1986 Sapporo, Japan
07 09. - 13.04.1979 Innsbruck, Austria
06 22. - 26.04.1974 Vienna , Austria
05 11. - 15.01.1971 Geneva, Switzerland
04 08. - 12.01.1968 Geneva, Switzerland
03 September 1961 Geneva, Switzerland
02 27.06. - 10.07.1954 Varenna , Italy 41
01 1950 Driebergen, The Netherlands
 Journal

• Economic System Research

• Economic Systems Research is dedicated to the furtherance of theoretical and
factual knowledge about economic systems, economic structures and their change
through time and space, at the subnational, national and international level. The
journal contains sensible, matter-of-fact tools and data for modeling, policy analysis,
planning and decision making in large economic environments. It promotes
understanding in economic thinking and between theoretical schools of East and
West, North and South.
• As the official journal of the International Input-Output Association (IIOA), it aims
to serve as a vehicle of cross- cultural information and contact. Topics within the
purview of the journal include linear and non-linear multisectoral models of
structure and structural change and development, ecosystems and the treatment of
deple table resources, environmental and strategic questions, databases and
databanks, large-scale computational methods and languages.
42
 Input-output Analysis In China
http://www.iochina.org.cn/
China input-output association was founded in 1987, it was initiated by Renmin
University, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, National Statistical Bureau. It
held IO conference every three years and published conference proceedings. Pre and
current Presidents of IIOA were invited to visit China.
In 1986, Leontief; In 1997, Karen R. Polenske; In 2010, Geoffrey Hewings, Erik
Dietzenbacher

Time Loation
1 1988.10 Jiujiang, Jiangxi Xikang Chen
2 1991.10 Baotou, Inner Mongolia
3 1994.8 Yinchuan, Ningxia
4 1997.8 Changchun , Jilin
Qiang
5 2001.8 Xining, Qinghai
Li
6 2004.8 Kunming, Yunnan
7 2007.8 Nanjing, JIangsu
8 2010.8 Weihai, Shandong
9 2013.7 Guangzhou Xianchun Xu
43
 References Books
• Leontief, Input-output economics, 1986, Oxford University Press
• Ronald Miller and Peter Blair, Input-output analysis, Foundations and
Extensions, 2009, Cambridge University Press
• Macroeconomics: A Version Economics, Paul A. Samuelson, William D.
Nordhaus, 1989, McGraw-Hill
• Michael Sonis, Geoffrey Hewings, Tool Kits in Regional Science, Theory,
Models, and Estimation, 2009, Springer Press
• Thijs Ten Raa., The economics of input-output analysis, 2005, Cambridge
University Press

44
 The combination of your score
Score
Attendances 20
Performance on classes 20
Exercises 20
Final test 40 Finish a research report
Sum up 100

Course Class
Course Teacher Date Times
Number Location

Input-output
I51009Z Liu Xiuli S104 9.16-11.11 8
Analysis

Please get to S104 on time! 45

 Exercises

• Introduce the development of input-output

analysis in your country.

• Find the IO tables of your country.

• Send your work to [email protected] before

Sep. 23.

46