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Automotive Engineering Report

The document discusses the lubrication system of an engine. It defines key terms related to lubrication and describes the main components of a lubrication system, including the oil pump, oil galleries, oil seals, oil filters, oil coolers, and oil pan. It also discusses how to diagnose issues like high/low oil consumption, high/low oil pressure, and problems with the oil pressure indicator or gauge.

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Allen Castor
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59 views

Automotive Engineering Report

The document discusses the lubrication system of an engine. It defines key terms related to lubrication and describes the main components of a lubrication system, including the oil pump, oil galleries, oil seals, oil filters, oil coolers, and oil pan. It also discusses how to diagnose issues like high/low oil consumption, high/low oil pressure, and problems with the oil pressure indicator or gauge.

Uploaded by

Allen Castor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LUBRICATION SYSTEM

OPERATION AND
DIAGNOSIS
PURPOSE OF LUBRICATION SYSTEM
PURPOSE OF LUBRICATION SYSTEM
PURPOSE OF LUBRICATION SYSTEM
TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
 AUXILIARY OIL COOLER – A device that allows air to cool engine oil.
 DILUTED OIL – Oil that has lost its ability to lubricate as a result of being
mixed with another liquid.
 DRY LUBRIACANT – A lubricant in metallic or powder form.
 GREASE – A thick gelatinous substance that provides lubrication; usually a
gelled form of oil.
 LUBRICANT – A substance that reduces the friction between moving parts
by producing a slippery film between the parts.
TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
 OIL – A liquid form of lubricant.
 OIL FILTER BYPASS VALVE – A valve usually located in the oil filter
mounting base. Allows oil to bypass the oil filter if the oil becomes
clogged.
 OIL PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE – A valve near the oil pump; to limit
the maximum oil pressure delivered to the lubrication system.
 OIL PUMP – An engine driven pump that delivers oil to the engine’s
moving parts.
 OIL PUMP DRIVE – The mechanical connection between the engine
and the oil pump.
TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
 PICKUP SCREEN – A metal screen through which the oil pump
draws its supply of oil.
 TURBOCHARGED ENGINE – An engine that uses exhaust gases to
drive a supercharger as part of its induction system.
 VISCOSITY – The ability of a liquid to resist flow; essential quantity
of a lubricant.
THREE FORMS OF LUBRICANT

LIQUID
GREASE
DRY METALLIC PARTICLES
THREE FORMS OF LUBRICANT
 OIL are liquids that form a slippery film when they spread over a surface.
Engines are usually lubricated by oil.
1. Oil is graded according to a system developed by the American Petroleum
Institute.
a. The first letter is either an S or C. The S is used for oil for gasoline
engines and the C is used for oil for diesel engines.
b. The second letter of the grade changes as the oil is upgraded to
fulfill performance needs of the latest vehicle engines.
2. Oils are classified by viscosity. The larger the number, the more the viscous
the oil; the more viscous of the oil, the more slowly it flows.
THREE FORMS OF LUBRICANT
3. Normally, oil viscosity is measured at a temperature of 70 F. To be classified
as winter “W”, an oil must have the proper viscosity at cold weather
temperature.
4. Always use the appropriate type and quality of oil for the vehicle to be
serviced.

GREASE is normally used in gearboxes and on a steering and suspension


joints.
1. Grease is usually classified as appropriate for high and low temperature
application.
THREE FORMS OF LUBRICANT
2. The vehicle chassis is usually greased at each oil change.
3. In some vehicles , the suspension and steering joints are grease at the
manufacturer and do not require periodic lubrication.
4. Some gearboxes, transmissions and final drive units use oil instead of
grease.

DRY METALLIC lubricants are composed of rounded particles .


1. Dry lubricants are used on devices such as locks and as additives in oil and
grease.
2. Dry lubricants may also have other specific applications.
LUBRICATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS
A. OIL PUMP

1. The oil pump is located in or on the engine itself and is driven by


camshaft or crankshaft
2. In a modern vehicle, an oil pump failure is extremely rare.
3. A defective oil pump ,drive or screen should be replaced.
Failure of these components usually results in severe engine damage ,
requiring, extensive engine repair or replacement.
LUBRICATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS
B. OIL GALLERIES

- Located throughout the engine block and cylinder head castings. The
galleries direct the oil from the oil pump to the various components requiring the oil.

C. OIL SEALS
- Oil seals are used when shaft leads from an oil environment to a non- oil
environment.
LUBRICATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS
D. GASKETS
- are used to seal and cushion the space between two components.

E. OIL FILTERS
- an oil filter cleans contaminants such as rust, metal particles and dirt from
oil as it leaves the oil pump.

G. OIL COOLERS
- provides cooling for the oil system
LUBRICATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS
H. OIL PICK-UP AND STRAINERS
- carries oil to the pump and removes large particles.

I. PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE


- limits maximum oil pressure

J. OIL PAN
- storage area for engine oil

K. OIL LEVEL GAUGE


- check the amount of the oil in the oil pan
LUBRICATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS
L. OIL PRESSURE INDICATOR
- warns to operator of low oil pressure

M. OIL PRESSURE GAUGE


- registers actual oil pressure in the engine

O. OIL TEMPERATURE REGULATOR


- controls engine oil temperature on diesel engines.
DIAGNOSES
 HIGH OIL CONSUMPTION

1. EXTERNAL OIL LEAKAGE. Detected as darkened oil wet areas


on around the engine.

2. INTERNAL OIL LEAKAGE. Shows up as blue smoke exiting the


exhaust system of the vehicle.
DIAGNOSES
 LOW OIL PRESSURE

1. Low oil level.


2. Worn connecting rod or main bearings
3. Thin or diluted oil
4. Weak or broken pressure relief valve spring
5. Loose pump pick up tube
6. Worn oil pump.
DIAGNOSES
 HIGH OIL PRESSURE

1. High oil viscosity


2. Pressure relief valve stuck open
3. Restricted oil gallery
4. High relief valve spring tension
DIAGNOSES
 INDICATOR OR GAUGE PROBLEMS

- the indicator light may stay on or


flicker, pointing to a low oil pressure problem. The gauge
may read low or high, indicating a lubrication problem.

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