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Radiation View Factors

This document discusses radiation view factors, which describe the fraction of radiation leaving one surface that is intercepted by another surface. Some key points covered include: - View factors are geometric quantities that do not depend on surface properties. - Common assumptions for view factors include diffuse emission and reflection. - The view factor between two surfaces must sum to unity according to the summation rule. - View factors follow reciprocity and superposition rules. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating view factors between concentric spheres and parallel plates. Practice problems are also referenced.

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214 views

Radiation View Factors

This document discusses radiation view factors, which describe the fraction of radiation leaving one surface that is intercepted by another surface. Some key points covered include: - View factors are geometric quantities that do not depend on surface properties. - Common assumptions for view factors include diffuse emission and reflection. - The view factor between two surfaces must sum to unity according to the summation rule. - View factors follow reciprocity and superposition rules. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating view factors between concentric spheres and parallel plates. Practice problems are also referenced.

Uploaded by

nauman khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Radiation View Factors

Hat and Mass Transfer


View Factors
• View factor is a purely geometric quantity and is independent of the surface properties
and temperature.
• It is also called the shape factor, configuration factor, and angle factor.
• The view factor based on the assumption that the surfaces are diffuse emitters and
diffuse reflectors is called the diffuse view factor,
• The view factor based on the assumption that the surfaces are diffuse emitters but
specular reflectors is called the specular view factor.

• Fij is the fraction of the radiation leaving surface i that strikes surface j directly.
• The view factor ranges between 0 and 1.
View Factor
View Factor Relation/Rules
1. Reciprocity Relation

AiFij = AjFji
View Factor Relation/Rules
• The view factor from a surface to itself is zero for plane or convex surfaces and nonzero
for concave surfaces.
• In a geometry that consists of two
concentric spheres, the view factor F12=1
since the entire radiation leaving the
surface of the smaller sphere is
intercepted by the larger sphere.

• Table 13-1
• Table 13-2
View Factor Relations/Rules
2. The Summation Rule
• The sum of the view factors from surface i of an enclosure to
all surfaces of the enclosure, including to itself, must equal
unity.

where N is the number of surfaces of the enclosure.


• For example, applying the summation rule to surface 1 of a
three-surface enclosure yields
View Factor Relations/Rules
• Radiation leaving any surface i of an enclosure must be intercepted completely by the
surfaces of the enclosure.
• Therefore, the sum of the view factors from surface i to each one of the surfaces of the
enclosure must be unity.
• Determine the view factors associated with an enclosure formed by two concentric
spheres, shown in Fig.
Step 1:
• F11 = 0, since no radiation leaving surface 1 strikes itself
• F12 = 1, since all radiation leaving surface 1 strikes surface 2
Step 2:
• A1F12 = A2F212
Step 3: Summation Rule

• F21 + F22 = 1
View Factor Relations/Rules
• 3. The Superposition Rule
• The view factor from a surface i to a surface j is equal to the sum of the view factors from
surface i to the parts of surface j.
• Note that the reverse of this is not true.

The view factor from a surface to a


composite surface is equal to the sum
of the view factors from the surface to
the parts of the composite surface.
View Factor Relations/Rules
• 4. The Symmetry Rule
• The symmetry rule can be expressed as two (or more) surfaces that possess symmetry
about a third surface will have identical view factors from that surface

Two surfaces that are


symmetric about a third
surface will have the same
view factor from the third
surface.
• Radiation Heat Transfer between Parallel Plates
Two very large parallel plates are maintained at uniform temperatures T1 = 800 K and T2 =
500 K and have emissivities e1 = 0.2 and e2 = 0.7, respectively, as shown in Fig. 13–25.
Determine the net rate of radiation heat transfer between the two surfaces per unit
surface area of the plates.
• Two large parallel plates are maintained at uniform temperatures.
• The net rate of radiation heat transfer between the plates is to be determined.

• Assumptions Both surfaces are opaque, diffuse, and gray.


• Analysis The net rate of radiation heat transfer between the two plates per unit area is
readily determined from
Practice Problems
• 8-3, 8-5 Examples (Heat Transfer J.P Holman)
• Related Exercise Problems

• Heat and Mass Transfer Fundamentals and Applications Yunus Cengel, Afshin Ghajar-(5
edition)-McGraw-Hill (2014)
• Examples: 13-9,13-10
• Related Exercise Problems

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