ALGORITHMS &

FLOWCHARTING II
LOOPS
 Computers are particularly well suited to
applications in which operations are
repeated many times.
 If the same task is repeated over and over
again a loop can be used to reduce
program size and complexity
Example 8: Write an algorithm and
draw a flowchart to calculate 24 .
 Algorithm:
 Step 1: Base  2
 Step 2: Product  Base
 Step 3: Product  Product * Base
 Step 4: Product  Product * Base
 Step 5: Product  Product * Base
 Step 6: Print Product
Flowchart
START

Base2

Product  Base

Product  Product * Base

Product  Product * Base

Product  Product * Base

Print
Product

STOP
 Question: What happens if you want to
calculate 2 to the power of 1000?
 Answer: Use a LOOP (repeated execution
of the same set of instructions)
 Example 9: Write an algorithm and draw a
flowchart to calculate 24 using a loop
approach? Verify your result by a trace
table.
Algorithm:
Step 1: Base  2
Step 2: Power  4
Step 3: Product  Base
Step 4: Counter  1
Step 5: While Counter < Power
Repeat Step 5 through step 7
Step 6: Product  Product * Base
Step 7: Counter  Counter +1
Step 8: Print Product
 START

Base  2
Power 4

Product  Base
Counter  1

is N
Counter < Power

Y Print
Product
Product  Product * Base

Counter  Counter + 1
STOP
TRACING
Step 1: Base  2
BASE POWER PRODUCT COUNTER COUNTER < POWER
STEP 1: 2 ? ? ? ?
Step 2: Power  4
STEP 2: 2 4 ? ? ? Step 3: Product  Base
STEP 3: 2 4 2 ? ?
STEP 4: 2 4 2 1 T Step 4: Counter  1
STEP 5: 2 4 2 1 T Step 5: While Counter < Power
STEP 6: 2 4 2x2=4 1 T
STEP 7: 2 4 4 1+1=2 T Repeat Step 5 through
STEP 5: 2 4 4 2 T step 7
STEP 6: 2 4 4x2=8 2 T
STEP 7: 2 4 8 2+1=3 T Step 6: Product  Product *
STEP 5: 2 4 8 3 T Base
STEP 6: 2 4 8x2=16 3 T
STEP 7: 2 4 16 3+1=4 F Step 7: Counter  Counter +1
STEP 5: 2 4 16 4 F
Step 8: Print Product
STEP 8: print 16.
 Example 10: Write down an algorithm and
draw a flowchart to find and print the
largest of three numbers. Read numbers
one by one. Verify your result by a trace
table. (Use 5, 7, 3 as the numbers read)
Algorithm
 Step 1: Input N1
 Step 2: Max  N1
 Step 3: Input N2
 Step 4: If (N2>Max) then
Max = N2
endif
 Step 5: Input N3
 Step 6: If (N3>Max) then
Max = N3
endif
 Step 7: Print “The largest number is:”,Max
 START

Flowchart & INPUT

N1

Tracing MAXN1

INPUT
N2
N1 N2 N3 Max N2>Max N3>Max
N
Step1: 5 ? ? ? ? ? N2>MAX

Step 2: 5 ? ? 5 ? ? Y

Step 3: 5 7 ? 5 T ? MAXN2

Step 4: 5 7 ? 7 T ?
Step 5: 5 7 3 7 F F INPUT
N3

Step 6: 5 7 3 7 F F
N
Step 8: Print  Largest Number is 7 N3>MAX

MAXN3

Print
“Largest
Number is”,
MAX

STOP
 Example 11: Write down an algorithm and
draw a flowchart to find and print the
largest of N (N can be any number)
numbers. Read numbers one by one.
Verify your result by a trace table.
(Assume N to be 5 and the following set to
be the numbers {1 4 2 6 8 })
Algorithm:
 Step 1: Input N
 Step 2: Input Current
 Step 3: Max  Current
 Step 4: Counter 1
 Step 5: While (Counter < N)
Repeat steps 5 through 8
 Step 6: Counter  Counter + 1
 Step 7: Input Next
 Step 8: If (Next > Max) then
Max  Next
endif
 Step 9: Print Max
 START

Input
N, Current

Max  Current

Counter 1

N
Counter < N

Y Print
Counter  Counter +1 Max

Input
Next
STOP

Next N
>Max
Y
Max  Next
 Tracing
N Current Max Counter Counter < N Next Next > Max
Step 1 5
Step 2 5 1
Step 3 5 1 1
Step 4 5 1 1 1 T
Step 5 5 1 1 1 T
Step 6 5 1 1 2 T
Step 7 5 1 1 2 T 4
Step 8 5 1 4 2 T 4 T
Step 5 5 1 4 2 T 4 F
Step 6 5 1 4 3 T 4 F
Step 7 5 1 4 3 T 2 F
Step 8 5 1 4 3 T 2 F
Step 5 5 1 4 3 T 2 F
Step 6 5 1 4 4 T 2 F
Step 7 5 1 4 4 T 6 T
Step 8 5 1 6 4 T 6 T
Step 5 5 1 6 4 T 6 F
Step 6 5 1 6 5 F 6 F
Step 7 5 1 6 5 F 8 T
Step 8 5 1 8 5 F 8 T
Step 5 5 1 8 5 F 8 F
Step 9 8 output
 Prob. 1. Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart to
print the square of all numbers from LOW to HIGH.
Test with LOW=1 and HIGH=10.
 Prob. 2. Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart to
print the SUM of numbers from LOW to HIGH. Test
with LOW=3 and HIGH=9.
 Prob. 3. Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart to
print the SUM of numbers from LOW to HIGH. Test
with LOW=3 and HIGH=9.
 Prob. 4. Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart to
print all numbers between LOW and HIGH that are
divisible by NUMBER.
 Prob. 5. Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart to
print all the prime numbers between LOW and HIGH.
Test with LOW=1 and HIGH=100.
 Prob. 6. Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart to
count and print all numbers from LOW to HIGH by
steps of STEP. Test with LOW=0 and HIGH=100.

 Prob. 7. Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart to

count and print all numbers from HIGH to LOW by
steps of STEP. Test with HIGH=100 and LOW=0.

 Prob. 8. Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart to

print the multiplication table for 6's. i.e.
 ---- 1  6 = 6
 ---- 2  6 = 12
…
 ---- 12  6 = 72
 Prob. 9. Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart to
print the complete multiplication table for 1's. through
12's.
 ---- 1  1 = 1, 1  2 = 2, … 1  12 = 12
 ---- 2  1 = 2, 2  2 = 4, … 2  12 = 24
… …
 ---- 12  1 = 12, 12  2 = 24, …12  12 = 144

 Prob. 10. Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart to

arrange N values read from the input in ascending
order.
 Prob. 11. Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart
that will find and print the product of 3 numbers.

 Prob. 12. Write an algorithm and draw a
flowchart that will find and print
 The factorial of NUMBER is FACTORIAL.
 Test the flowchart for NUMBER=5.

 Prob. 13. Write an algorithm and draw a

flowchart that will find and print the number of
vowels in a given set of characters and print
there number of occurrences.