CONTENTS

• Concept of Modularization
• What is Modular Construction?
• What is Modular Coordination?
• What is Module?
• Terms and Definitions
• Modular grids and Planning
• Modular Components
• Examples
Concept Of Modularization
 Modularity is designing a system of modules that
can be composed into a larger application.
 Modularity occurs when several basic elements
(module) are combined to create a large no of
different (modular) structures.
 Replication
 If one module is proved to be useful it is replicated
in a larger number.
 Decomposition
 It is decomposing complex task into simpler task
which are easier to manage and then reassemble
the subtasks to get the desired solution.
What is Modular Construction?
• The basic concept of modular construction majorly
means using offsite construction and assembly in lieu
of more challenging onsite construction methods.
• In Modular Construction method individual modules
and volumes are constructed off site –stand alone—
transported to the site and then assembled together
onsite to make a larger structure.
• Modular construction refers to volumetric or three
dimensional “volumes or rooms”
• Modules are 60% to 90% completed off site in a
controlled factory environment then transported and
assembled on final building site.
• The amount of off site and onsite construction can very
as per nature of project and scope.
What is Modular Construction?
• Modular Schedule Advantages
Benefits of Modular Construction
• Facilitates cooperation b/w bldg. designers,
manufacturers, distributors, contractors etc.
• Permits a flexible type of standardization
• Optimizes the number of standard sizes of building
components.
• Encourages as far as possible the interchangeability
of components, in whatever materials, forms or
methods of manufacture.
• Efficient and streamlined construction processes,
reduced material waste and higher construction
quality.
What is Modular Coordination?
• Modular coordination is a concept of coordination of
dimension and space, in which buildings and components
are dimensioned and positioned in a term of a basic unit or
module, known as ‘1M’ which is equivalent to 100 mm
• It is internationally accepted by (ISO) and many other
countries.
• It is a positive step to streamline the industry towards
proper metrication in building planning, design ,
construction, assembly and manufacturing of building
materials & components.
• Moco. can facilitate greater productivity with discipline in
the dimensional and spatial coordination of a bldg. & its
components.
Basis of Modular Coordination?
• It is essentially based on
• The use of module (basic module, multi module and sub
module)
• It has a reference system to coordinate spaces and zones
for bldg. elements and for components which form them.
• With in the reference system there are rules for location of
bldg. elements.
• There are rules for determining the sizes of the bldg.
components.
Benefits of Modular Coordination?
• When applied through out the bldg. industry, it brings
many benefits.
a. Better coordination and cooperation between various
parties in construction.
b. Reduction in design time bcos of standard details and
dimensional coordination.
c. Increased use of CAD
d. reduction in the manufacturing and installation costs.
e. Reduction in wastage of materials , time and
manpower on site.
f. Facilitates prefabrication.
Terms and Definations of Modular Coordination?
• Modular Coordination
– Dimensional coordination using the basic module, multi module,
sub module and a modular reference system.
• Module
– A dimension used as a basis for dimensional coordination
• Basic Module (M)
– A module of 100 mm
• Multi Module
– A module which is a multiple of 100 mm(M)
• Planning Module
– A multi module chosen for planning grid
• Modular Coordination
– A module which is an division of 100 mm (M)
Terms and Definations of Modular Coordination?
Basic Module and
Sub module
The building
Terms reference
and Definitions system of
of Modular MoCo.
Coordination?
• The building reference system of MoCo.
– A system of points and planes to which sizes an positions of bldg.
components and assembly relate to.
• Reference plane
– A plane of reference system
• Reference zone.
– A space to receive the component , assembly or element
• Planning grid
– A reference grid for the plan of the bldg.
• Modular grid
– A reference grid of the dimension which is either basic module or
multiple thereof.
The building
Terms reference
and Definitions system of
of Modular MoCo.
Coordination?
The building
Terms reference
and Definitions system of
of Modular MoCo.
Coordination?
The building
Terms reference
and Definitions system of
of Modular MoCo.
Coordination?
• Zones
– A space between ref. planes within
• Wall Zone
– A zone where the wall is accommodated with finishes.
• Floor zone
– A space in section where floor assembly is accommodated.
• Roof Zone
– A zone stretching from bottom of ceiling of top floor to the top of
the roof of the bldg.
The building
Terms reference
and Definitions system of
of Modular MoCo.
Coordination?
• The controlling reference system (Horizontal)
The building
Terms reference
and Definitions system of
of Modular MoCo.
Coordination?
• The controlling reference system (Vertical)
The building
Terms reference
and Definitions system of
of Modular MoCo.
Coordination?
• The Component reference system
The building
Terms reference
and Definitions system of
of Modular MoCo.
Coordination?
• The Bldg. component and its sizes
– A space between ref. planes within
• Modular component
– A component whose coordinating sizes are modular.
• Modular element
– A functional part of bldg. and structure like footing, wall , floor or
column whose coordinating sizes are modular.
• Work size.
– A dimension used by the manufacturer for component or
assembly to ensure that the actual dimension lies between
maximum and minimum dimension.
The building
Modular Gridsreference system of MoCo.
and Planning
• Recommended Modular Dimensions
• Basic Module : 1M = 100 mm

• Structural Grid: 3M = (1M as the second reference)

• Horizontal Multi Module: 3M = (1M as the second ref.)

• Vertical Multi Module : 1M = (0.5M as the second ref.)

• Doors: Multiple of 1M (width and height.)

• Windows : Multiple of 1M (width and height.)

• Sub Modular increment: 0.5 M and 0.25M

The building
Modular Gridsreference system of MoCo.
and Planning
• Modular Grids
• Plans , sections and elevations are expressed in in 2D
• Basic Modular Grid
– This is the smallest
planning grid used as a
basis for developing other
grids.
– Mainly for small scale
drawings, for detailing
– Each square in 1Mx 1M
i.e 100 mm x 100 mm
– Scale of the drawing is
1:10 , 1:20
The building
Modular Gridsreference system of MoCo.
and Planning
• Modular Grids
• Plans , sections and
• elevations are expressed in in 2D
• Multi Modular Grid
– This grid is formed
with the intervals
being multi modules
– They can be squares
or rectangular.
– For the drawings
having scales above
1:50
The building
Modular Gridsreference system of MoCo.
and Planning
• Tartan Grid
• Grid for regular column
pattern
The building
Modular Gridsreference system of MoCo.
and Planning
• Planning
• Two basic approaches to planning in modular coordination.
• Face Planning • Axial Planning
– To position components – Normally to determine the
and elements in relation to position of major elements
grid. like columns , cross walls
– It determines both sizes – The grid line in plan run
and position of along the center line of the
components and elements. components
– Represented by set of two – The distance between grid
parallel lines lines is always modular.
– Distance between two
parallel lines is always
modular.
The building
Modular Gridsreference system of MoCo.
and Planning
• Face Planning
The building
Modular Gridsreference system of MoCo.
and Planning
• Axial Planning
The building
Modular Gridsreference system of MoCo.
and Planning
• Face and axial Planning
– In practice both the
approaches can be
applied in combination.
– Axial planning for major
elements
– Face planning for
positioning and sizing
various elements and
also for detailing.
The building
Modular Gridsreference system of MoCo.
and Planning
• Combination of Face and axial Planning
The building
Modular Gridsreference system of MoCo.
and Planning
• Vertical
Planning
The building
Modular Gridsreference system of MoCo.
and Planning
• Practical Application and Planning
• In practice its not possible to achieve complete modular
planning using only modular dimensions and sizes.
• But the order of priority shd be
– Planning grid of bldg. (External envelope)s
– Component (doors and windows)
– Finishes and built in equipments
• The design shd follow modular design principles as much
as possible
The buildingand
Components reference
finishessystem of MoCo.
• Structural components
• Columns • Finishes
• Beams • Ceiling finishes
• Floor Slabs • Floor finishes.
• Walls
• Stairs and lift cores
• Architectural components
• Cladding
• Partitions
• Doors and windows
• Prefabricated toilets
The buildingand
Components reference
finishessystem of MoCo.
• Structural components
• Columns
– Recommended dim 1M / 0.5 M

• For non
rectangular
columns can also
be fitted into the
face planning or
axial planning grid
The buildingand
Components reference
finishessystem of MoCo.
• Structural components
• Columns---Axial planning -- c/c distance between columns
is modular
The buildingand
Components reference
finishessystem of MoCo.
• Structural components
• Columns---Face planning distance between face s of the
column is modular
The buildingand
Components reference
finishessystem of MoCo.
• Structural components
• Beams
– Width of the beam has
less implication on the
modular coordination
design.
– The recommended depth
for the beams is in
increments of 0.5M
– In case of false ceiling the ,
the beam is
accommodated in floor
• The Floor Zone
zone. And Does not
interfere with walls and
partitions below
The buildingand
Components reference
finishessystem of MoCo.
• Structural components
• Beams

• The Floor Zone with

out false ceiling
The buildingand
Components reference
finishessystem of MoCo.
• Structural components
• Floor Slabs
– The depth of Fl. Slabs will be in sub modular increments of 0.5 M
or 0.25 M
– Width of precast slabs– 6M ( Fits the structural grid and no
residual)

Composition
of the
floor zone
The buildingand
Components reference
finishessystem of MoCo.
• Structural components
• Walls
– The length of wall is determined by the chosen grid.
– Sub modular increments of 0.5M and 0.25 M are recommended
for the thickness

Component
wall
The buildingand
Components reference
finishessystem of MoCo.
• Structural components
• Lift cores
– Internal dim of lift will be
determined by type of lift
and size of lift car.
– Internal dim can be
adjusted by multiples of 1M
and 0.5M
– Opening size to be in the
multiples of 1M
– The external dim to be
modular bcos they are
positioned in relation to Single Lift
other modular elements
The buildingand
Components reference
finishessystem of MoCo.
• Structural
components
• Lift cores
– Where there are more
than one lift the
whole assembly
including lobby may
be considered as one
single element
– The external dim of
the lift well will be in
multiples of 1M

Single Lift
The buildingand
Components reference
finishessystem of MoCo.
• Structural
components
• Lift and stairs
– If lift and
stairs are
adjacent–
recommende
d external
dim is 24 M
– Width of
stairs will be
12M
– Overall dim
of – 48M
Lifts and stairs
The buildingand
Components reference
finishessystem of MoCo.
• Structural components
• Stairs
– The width of the staircase is
the width of the flights and
the possible space in
between.
– Length of the flight and
landing dim are modular.
– The going, riser and width
of the flights and landings
will be as per the building
by laws.

Plan of Stairs
The buildingand
Components reference
finishessystem of MoCo.
• Structural components
• Stair risers and fl to fl hts.
– The dim of the total width ,
the length of flights and the
width of landings must be
multiples of 1M and 0.5 M.
– Tread=250m mm

Section of
stairs
The buildingand
Components reference
finishessystem of MoCo.
• Architectural components
• External Envelope
• (cladding)

Cladding within
structure –
face Planning
The buildingand
Components reference
finishessystem of MoCo.
• Architectural components
• External Envelope
• (cladding)

Cladding within
structure –
Axial Planning
The buildingand
Components reference
finishessystem of MoCo.
• Architectural components
• External Envelope
• (cladding)

Cladding outside
structure –
Face Planning