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Turbine Classification

There are four main classifications of turbines based on: 1) the type of energy at the inlet, 2) the direction of flow through the runner, 3) the head at the inlet, and 4) the specific speed. Impulse turbines change the velocity of a water jet through momentum transfer without a pressure change at the turbine blades. Reaction turbines experience both a change in pressure and velocity as water moves through the turbine casing. Turbines are also classified based on the direction of flow as tangential, radial, axial, or mixed.

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266 views

Turbine Classification

There are four main classifications of turbines based on: 1) the type of energy at the inlet, 2) the direction of flow through the runner, 3) the head at the inlet, and 4) the specific speed. Impulse turbines change the velocity of a water jet through momentum transfer without a pressure change at the turbine blades. Reaction turbines experience both a change in pressure and velocity as water moves through the turbine casing. Turbines are also classified based on the direction of flow as tangential, radial, axial, or mixed.

Uploaded by

leninks_1979
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Classification of Turbines

•Based on type of energy at the inlet

•Direction of flow through runner

•Head at inlet

•Specific speed
1. Impulse Turbine:

 Impulse turbines change the velocity of a water jet

 The resulting change in momentum (impulse) causes a force on the


turbine blades

 Prior to hitting the turbine blades, the water's pressure


( potential energy) is converted to kinetic energy by a nozzle and
focused on the turbine

 No pressure change occurs at the turbine blades, and the turbine


doesn't require a housing for operation

 Pressure is atmospheric from inlet


 Inlet water possess both kinetic energy and pressure
energy

 Reaction turbines are acted on by water, which changes


pressure as it moves through the turbine and gives up its
energy

 They must be encased to contain the water pressure (or


suction), or they must be fully submerged in the water
flow

 Newton's third law describes the transfer of energy for


reaction turbines

 Most water turbines in use are reaction turbines


 Tangential flow

 Radial flow
Inward flowout to in
Outward flowin to out

• Axial flow

• Mixed flowflows through in radial diretion but leaves in


the direction parallel to axis of rotation

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