May 15, 2007

Course 3,
1xEV-DO Rev A Coverage Planning

Prepared by: Zhang Tingji

www.huawei.com
Email: [email protected]

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. Huawei Confidential

 Chapter 1 Coverage Planning Case

Chapter 2 1xEV-DO Rev A Link Budget

Chapter 3 1xEV-DO Coverage Planning Key Points

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Page 2
 Inappropriate Planning Case- A Benz without Wheel

Fail in Site Distribution No timely capacity precautions

• Some BTSs have no users
• Some BTSs are overloaded. Access Distance is far
• 60% AT access distance is 2-
5Km
• 11% AT access distance
exceeds 5Km.

Summary:
Over-optimistic
Inappropriate • Inappropriate site distribution
• Low FL rate Capacity Assumption
Charging Policy • Each carrier supports 800
• Lots of complaint
• Charging policy as Monthly • Poor KPI users
traffic unlimited. • Profit decreased • AT average access rate is
300 -600Kbps at busy hour

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 Content

Chapter 2 1xEV-DO Rev A Link Budget

2.1 Coverage Planning Procedure

2.2 1xEV-DO Rev A Link Budget
2.3 Propagation Model

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Page 4
Coverage Planning Procedure
Requirement
 Equipment Parameter
Requirement &RF&RF Condition
Condition Analysis
Analysis
(Traffic
(Traffic and
and Subscriber
Subscriber Distribution)
Distribution)  Service Parameter
 Environment Parameter
 Technical Parameter
Link
Link Budget
Budget
Maximum Path Loss
 Propagation model & Link Budge Result
Obtaining
Obtaining Cell
Cell Coverage
Coverage Radius
Radius
(Propagation
(Propagation Model)
Model)

Maximum Cell Radius

Calculating
Calculating Coverage
Coverage Area
Area per
per BTS
BTS

Simulation Maximum Coverage Area per BTS

Specifying
Specifying BTS
BTS Quantity
Quantity in
in an
an Area
Area

BTS Quantity = Planning area / Coverage Area per BTS

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 Content

Chapter 2 1xEV-DO Rev A Link Budget

2.1 Coverage Planning Procedure

2.2 1xEV-DO Rev A Link Budget
2.3 Propagation Model

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Page 6
Maximum Path Loss Components
Link
Linkbudget——
budget——
Calculate
Calculatethe
thegain
gainand
andloss
lossininthethecommunications
communicationslink.
link.That
Thatis,
is,calculate
calculatethe
themaximum
maximum
allowable
allowablepropagation
propagationloss
lossininthe
thelink
linkwith
withaacertain
certainCapacity,
Capacity,Qos
Qosandandother
otherRequirements.
Requirements.

• Point-to-point path loss

• Equipment parameters

• Technologies parameters

• Local variable
tower height, terrain, clutter

 Link budget can get the (allowable) maximum path loss value

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 Link Budget Gain Level Model
Diagram of forward link gain level

Transmit/Received Soft
Softhandoff
handoff Interference
Interference Fading
Fading Antenna
Antenna Received/Transmit
Received/Transmit
Transmit/Received Feeder Antenna
Antennagain
Feederloss
loss gain gain Margin Path
Pathloss
loss
power
power gain Margin(ROT)
(ROT) margin
margin gain
gain power
power
Multi-User
Multi-User Rx
RxDiversity
Diversity
gain Clutter
Clutterloss
loss
gain gain
gain
Body
Bodyloss
loss
Forward link
Reverse link

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Link Budget Parameters
 Equipment Parameter

Spread spectrum bandwidth, Transmit power, receiver sensitivity, noise factor,
demodulation threshold, antenna gain, feeder loss and so on.

 Service Parameter

Service type, information rate and so on.

 Environment Parameter

Shadow fading, fading margin, clutter loss, body loss and so on.

 Technical Parameter

Ec/Nt, handoff gain, Multi-User gain, Rx diversity gain, interference margin and so on.

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Equipment Parameters
 Receiver Sensitivity
To ensure the communication quality, the minimum receive level of receiver is necessary
RL(1x& DO): S_BS = 10lg(KT×W) + Nf_BS + Eb/Nt -10lg(W/Rb)
FL(DO) : S_MS = 10lg(KT×W) + Nf_MS + Ec/Nt

Eb/Nt Demodulation threshold of the base station receiver

Rb Information rate
KT Density of the thermal noise. In the normal temperature, the value is –174dBm/Hz.
W Spread spectrum bandwidth
Nf_BS Noise factor of BTS, normally it is 3.7 dB
Nf_MS Noise factor of MS, normally it is 9 dB

 Feeder Loss
High frequency with high feeder loss
Big feeder with few feeder loss

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FL Multi-Users Gain and Rx Diversity Gain
Simulation Result

Require Ior/No per subscriber

› 1 user (single antenna ), -7dB
› 4 users (single antenna ), -5dB
› 4 users (dual antenna ), -11.6dB

 Multi-Users Gain
› 2dB
› Forward link

 Rx Diversity Gain
› 4.6dB
› Forward link

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Page 11
Reverse Interference Margin Vs System Loading

System Loading / Noise Rise

50% — 3dB
60% — 4dB
75% — 6dB

 Reverse link loading ought to less than 75% for a launch network

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Shadow Fade Margin
 Shadow fade margin ensure a certain edge reliability probability
 Use Log Normal Standard Deviation and edge reliability probability to calculate shadow
fade margin

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Page 13
 Body Loss / Soft Handoff Gain
CDMA 1x
Voice, 3dB;PDS,0 dB

Body Loss
1xEV-DO Rev A 1xEV-DO Rev A
Voip, 3 dB PDS, 0 dB

 Different handoff model

› RL use soft handoff
› FL use virtual soft handoff

 Soft Handoff Gain

› RL is 3 dB
› FL is 4.1 dB

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Page 14
1xEV-DO FL Budget

 Normally, use 75% reliability

probability of cell edge coverage

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Page 15
1xEV-DO RL Budget

 IS-856 Rel 0  IS-856 Rev A

› 138.3 dB Max. path loss › 1.5 dB gain for 9.6kbps
› Effective data rate @ cell edge =9.6kbps › Effective data rate @ cell edge =14kbps

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Page 16
1xEV-DO RL Rate and Coverage (Rev A and Rel0)

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Page 17
RL Budget of 1xEV-DO Rev A
450M coverage radius （ Km ） 800M coverage radius (Km ） 1.9G coverage radius (Km ）
Clutter
class
VoIP VT 38.4K 153.6K VoIP VT 38.4K 153.6K VoIP VT 38.4K 153.6K

Dense
2.35 1.82 2.21 1.68 1.43 1.11 1.35 1.02 0.56 0.43 0.54 0.40
urban

Urban 3.11 2.40 2.92 2.22 1.87 1.45 1.77 1.34 0.87 0.67 0.84 0.63

Suburba
7.28 5.63 6.83 5.20 4.77 3.70 4.52 3.42 2.55 1.97 2.46 1.85
n

Rural 30.74 23.65 28.80 21.80 20.95 16.17 19.84 14.92 12.60 9.35 11.73 8.79

• Simulation result show that, for the coverage radius of co-location

sites, coverage radius of 1xEV-DO Rev A VT service is 2/3 of that of 1x
service, and the coverage radius of VoIP service is basically identical
with that of 1X voice service.
• The BTS coverage radius is closely related to actual user distribution
density and traffic model. If the user density is decreased, the coverage
radius will be increased. If the forward/reverse user access rate is
decreased, the coverage radius will be increased.
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Page 18
Max Allowable Path Loss Vs Site Quantity
Assumptions:

 COST 231 HATA

 Suburban Model

 1900 MHz

 Ideal cellular networking

 without obstruction

 Down tilt is 0

 Link budget increase 5dB that BTS quantity approaches decrease half of BTS quantity
 The result will varies when the RF condition is different
 It is a general reference among different frequency bandwidth system

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Page 19
 Content

Chapter 2 1xEV-DO Rev A Link Budget

2.1 Coverage Planning Procedure

2.2 1xEV-DO Rev A Link Budget
2.3 Propagation Model

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Page 20
Hata Propagation Model

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Cost-231-Hata Propagation Model

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 Chapter 1 Coverage Planning Case

Chapter 2 1xEV-DO Rev A Link Budget

Chapter 3 1xEV-DO Coverage Planning Key Points

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Page 23
3 Key Points of 1xEV-DO Coverage Planning
Site Distribution- Data Rate Priority User Centered
on-demand Distribution
• PDS service requirement  Control the subscriber • Analyze subscriber
determine site distribution quantity per carrier (sector) distribution areas
 Ensure subscriber FL rate • Construct corresponding
• Ensure good coverage
sites
quality for key PDS
• Ensure VIP users and
requirement area
most subscribers distributed
in the center of BTS serving
area

Ensure that the subscriber can experience high speed Internet services

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Page 24
Site Distribution-on-Demand

 Base on PDS service requirement to extend gradually the coverage areas.

 Try to continuously layout BTS
Step1 Ensure the coverage of main areas with the requirements of high rate data services in
urban.
Step2 Extend 1xEV-DO coverage from the urban to the suburban and rural

Urban Suburban Rural

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User Centered Distribution/Data Rate Priority
Few subscribers Most subscriber, VIP subscriber Few subscribers

Maximum FL
Rate
Minimum FL Rate Minimum FL Rate

>1843.2Kbps

>614.4kbps

>307.2 kbps
VT
(32kbps ～ 64kbps)

VoIP

 Control the subscriber quantity of one 1x EV-DO Rev A carrier

 Try to hold most subscribers nearby BTS location

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Page 26
User Centered Distribution – Avoid Valley Effect
C/I
• C/I in the handoff zone
decreases sharply, so the
forward rate decreases
correspondingly.

• Due to forward TDM, only

one user is in activity state
per slot. Therefore, the sector
FL Rate
throughput also decreases.

• Conduct the user stay at

centered coverage area and
try to avoid user distribute in
handoff areas.

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Page 27
EV-DO Network Expansion Mode
1X BTS
 Point Mode
1X and DO BTS

Impact subscriber access rate and KPI; decrease carrier FL average throughput and subscriber feeling

 Group Mode

√
 Use group mode to construct EV-DO network

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