POLLUTION

(A Problem )
 I will be discussing….
 Pollution .
 Types.
 Causes.
 Effects.
 Measures.
 Statistical data.
 Marine Environment
 Why is it unique
 Marine resources
 Marine – Economic Activities
 Threats to Marine
 Threats from Marine
 Definition of Pollution
• Pollution is the introduction of
contaminants into the natural environment
that cause adverse change, in the form of
killing of life ,toxicity of environment ,
damage to ecosystem and aesthetics of
our surrounding .
Pollution from another angle
• An unwanted change in the environment
which involves the physical, biological and
chemical changes involving air, water and
land which affects the natural habitat of
human life in one way or the other”.
 Definition (contd)
• Pollution has become a serious issue after
World War II in developing countries due
to unchecked rapid industrialization.
Pollution is the root cause of many
diseases that kill and disable living
organisms.
• If not controlled, increasing pollution is
expected to make earth inhabitable for
human beings.
A Broader View of Pollution
 Types
Air Pollution.
Water Pollution.
Noise Pollution.
Littering (spilling of oils in oceans)
Soil contamination (by lead, heavy metals)
Radioactive contamination.
Thermal pollution.
Visual Pollution.
AIR POLLUTION
Air Pollution…
 Air Pollution
• Air pollution is contamination of
the indoor or outdoor environment
by any chemical, physical or
biological agent that modifies the
natural characteristics of the
atmosphere.
 Sources Of Air Pollution

• Household combustion devices.

• Motor vehicles.
• Industrial facilities.
• Forest fires
• CFCs
 Pollutants causing Air
Pollution……

• Include particulate matter.

• Carbon monoxide.
• Ozone.
• Nitrogen dioxide .
• Sulfur dioxide
Sources & Pollutants
 Air Pollution do have….
• Health effects
• Effects on cardiovascular health
• Effects on breathing (asthma).
• Links to cancer
• Effects on children
• Health effects in relatively "clean" areas
Acid Rain
How to control air
pollution?
How to control air pollution?
• Maintaining a healthy distance between the industrial
and residential areas.

• The chimneys should be constructed tall in size so that

the emissions must be released higher up in the
environment.

• The Sulphur must be removed after burning.

• The gasoline must have anti knocking agents.

• The mining area should be planted with trees.

How to control air pollution?
• The coal fuel should be replaced with gas fuel to
control the air pollution.

• The automobiles must be designed with emission

control system.

• The wastes must be removed and recycled in the

industrial plants and refineries.

• Plants like pine and ribes need to be planted to

metabolize the nitrogen oxides and other pollutants.
 How to control air
pollution?
• Timely servicing of the car helps to keep it in a good
condition, and also minimizes fuel exhaustion.

• Using public transportation helps to prevent the air

pollution.

• Using alternative energy sources like solar energy,

hydroelectric energy, and wind energy.
WATER POLLUTION
Water Pollution….
 Water Pollution…
• Water pollution is the contamination of
water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans,
aquifers and groundwater).
• Water pollution occurs when pollutants are
discharged directly or indirectly into water
bodies without adequate treatment to
remove harmful compounds.
.
 Water Pollution…
• Water pollution affects plants and
organisms living in these bodies of water.
In almost all cases the effect is damaging
not only to individual species and
populations, but also to the natural
biological communities
Polluted Water…
 Polluted Water…
• Domestic sewage.
• Industrial wastewater.
• Agricultural wastewater.
• Construction site stormwater.
• Urban runoff (stormwater).
 Water Pollutants….
• Petroleum hydrocarbons
• Plastics
• Pesticides
• Heavy metals
• Sewage
• Radioactive waste
• Thermal effluents
 Water Pollutants…
• Detergents
• Chloroform
• Food processing waste, (fats and grease)
• Insecticides and herbicides.
• Petroleum hydrocarbons, (gasoline, diesel
fuel, jet fuels, and fuel oil).
• Lubricants (motor oil).
• From stormwater runoff.
 Preventing Water
Pollution…
• Conserve water by turning off the tap.
• Mind what you throw down your sink or toilet.
• Don’t throw paints and oils in water channels.
• Use environment friendly household products,
such as washing powder, household cleaning
agents etc.
• Take great care not to overuse pesticides and
fertilizers.
• Don’t throw litter into rivers, lakes or oceans. Help
clean up any litter you see on beaches or in rivers
and lakes, make sure it is safe to collect the litter
and put it in a nearby dustbin.
 Treating Polluted Water...
• Suspended, solid particles and inorganic
material can be removed by the use of
filters.
• Use of biological filters and processes can
naturally degrade the organic waste
material.
• After above two steps chemical additives
are supplied to get rid of any left-over
impurities.
Treating Polluted water…
LIGHT POLLUTION
Light Pollution
 Light Pollution
• Light pollution, also known as photo
pollution or luminous pollution, is
excessive, misdirected, or obtrusive
artificial light. Pollution is the adding-
of/added light itself, in analogy to added
sound, carbon dioxide, etc.
 Light pollution Causes..
• Degradation of photic habitat by artificial
light.
• Alteration of natural light levels in the
outdoor environment.
• Due to Indoor light pollution human health
is compromised.
 Controlling Light Pollution..

• Excessive lighting should be avoided.

• For Lighting an applicable design should
be followed.
• Light engineering should be applied for
streets.
NOISE POLLUTION
Noise Pollution..
 Noise Pollution

• Noise pollution is displeasing or excessive

noise that may disrupt the activity or
balance of human or animal life.
• Noise means disgust or discomfort hearing
from environment.
 Sources of Noise
Pollution…
• Machines.
• Transportation systems.
• Motor vehicles.
• Aircrafts.
• Trains.
• Poor urban planning.
Effects of Noise Pollution
• Noise pollution affects both health and behavior.
• Unwanted sound (noise) can damage
psychological health.
• Noise pollution can cause
• Annoyance
• Aggression .
• Hypertension .
• High stress levels .
• Hearing loss.
• sleep disturbances, and other harmful effects.
 Effects of Noise Pollution

• Chronic exposure to noise may cause

noise-induced hearing loss.
• Older males exposed to significant
occupational noise demonstrate
significantly reduced hearing sensitivity
than their non-exposed peers.
Controlling noise..
SOIL POLLUTION
 Soil Pollution..
• Soil contamination or soil pollution is
caused by the presence of xenobiotic
(human-made) chemicals or other
alteration in the natural soil environment.
• It is typically caused by
• industrial activity.
• agricultural chemicals.
• improper disposal of waste.
 Soil Contaminating
Chemicals…..

• Petroleum hydrocarbons.
• Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
Pesticides
• Lead and Other heavy metals.
How to control soil
pollution?
 How to control soil
pollution?
• Limit the use of fertilizers and pesticides
• Awareness about biological control methods
and their implementation
• The grazing must be controlled and forest
management should be done properly
• The afforestation and reforestation must take
place
• Proper preventive methods like shields should
be used in areas of wind erosion and wind
breaks
 How to control soil
pollution?

• Treating Wastes of industries.

• Treating nuclear waste.
• Proper disposing of plastics and other
garbage materials.
1

POLLUTION IN GENERAL
Most Polluted World Cities..
• Cairo, (Egypt)
• Delhi, (India)
• Kolkata, (India)
• Tianjin, (China)
• Chongqing, (China)
• Kanpur, (India)
• Lucknow, (India)
• Jakarta, (Indonesia)
• Shenyang, (China)
Two Step Solution…..