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Period 3 Elements: Presented by Daisy Tee Hui Yu Goh Qian Xuan Kor Zhe Yi Lim Woan Xin

This document summarizes the chemical properties of the elements in period 3 of the periodic table, including sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, and argon. It discusses trends in their atomic radius, electronegativity, melting and boiling points, reactions with water and oxygen, and reactions with chlorine. The elements can be divided into metals, metalloids, and non-metals, with the metals having similar chemical properties like forming oxides. Sodium, magnesium and aluminum are highlighted as the three metals that show increasing strength in their metallic bonds from sodium to magnesium to aluminum.

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Daisy
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92 views

Period 3 Elements: Presented by Daisy Tee Hui Yu Goh Qian Xuan Kor Zhe Yi Lim Woan Xin

This document summarizes the chemical properties of the elements in period 3 of the periodic table, including sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, and argon. It discusses trends in their atomic radius, electronegativity, melting and boiling points, reactions with water and oxygen, and reactions with chlorine. The elements can be divided into metals, metalloids, and non-metals, with the metals having similar chemical properties like forming oxides. Sodium, magnesium and aluminum are highlighted as the three metals that show increasing strength in their metallic bonds from sodium to magnesium to aluminum.

Uploaded by

Daisy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Period 3 

Elements 

Presented by Daisy Tee Hui Yu

Goh Qian Xuan

Kor Zhe Yi

Lim Woan Xin


Period 3 Elements 
­ Chemical elements in the third row of the 
periodic table.

i. Sodium
ii. Magnesium
iii. Aluminium
iv. Silicon
v. Phosphorus
vi. Sulphur
vii. Chlorine
viii.Argon
Period 3 Elements
Chemical properties of elements
i. Atomic radius
Distance from the nucleus to the bonding pair of electrons

- Decreases across period


- Increasing number of protons in the nucleus pulls the
bonding electrons more tightly
ii. Electronegativity
Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to
attract a bonding pair of electrons.

Electronegativity increases across a period because


atomic radii decreases, nucleus charge increases,
no extra sheilding.
iii. Melting and boiling point

- Melting and boiling points increase across the three metals because of
the increasing strength of their metallic bonds.
- The number of electrons which each atom can contribute to the
delocalized "sea of electrons" increases.
- The atoms also get smaller and have more protons as you go from
sodium to magnesium to aluminum.
Reaction with water
Element Description Equation
Na Has exothermic reaction with cold water 2Na + 2H2O 2 NaOH + H2
producing hydrogen and colourless solution
of sodium hydroxide
Mg Burns in steam with white flame to produce Mg + H2O MgO +H2
white magnesium oxide and hydrogen
Al Heated in steam produces hydrogen and 2Al + 3H2O Al2O3 + 3H2
aluminium oxide
Si React with steam at red heat to produce Si + 2H2O SiO2 + 2H2
silicon dioxide and hydrogen
P No reaction
S
Cl Dissolves in water. A reversible reaction Cl2 +H2O HCl +HOCl
takes place to produce mixture of
hydrochloric acid and chloric (I) acid.
Reaction with oxygen
Element Description Equation
Na Burns vigorously with a yellow 4Na(s) +O2(g) 2 Na2O(s)
flame
Mg Burns vigorously with a bright 2Mg (s) + O2(g) 2MgO (s)
white flame
Al Burns vigorously with a bright 4Al(s) +3O2(g) 2Al2O3 (s)
white flame
Si Burns with a bright white flame Si (s) + O2(g) SiO2(s)
and white smoke
P Burns spontaneously with a 4P(s) + 5O2(g) P4O10 (s)
bright white flame and smoke
S Burns with a blue flame S(s) +O2(g) SO2(g)
Reaction with chlorine
Element Description Equation
Na Burns with a bright orange 2Na + 2H2O 2 NaOH + H2
flame
Mg Burns with white flame Mg + H2O MgO +H2

Al Burns in steam to produce pale 2Al + 3H2O Al2O3 + 3H2


yellow aluminium chloride
Si Reacts when Cl is passed over Si + 2H2O SiO2 + 2H2
silicon powder
P Burns spontaneously P4 +6Cl2 4PCl3
P4 +10Cl2 4PCl5
S Steam of chlorine passed over 2S + Cl2 S2Cl2
some heated sulphur
Trends in Chemical Properties of Period 3 Elements

They can be divided into:


Metals
Sodium
Magnesium
Aluminium
They tend to have
similar chemical
Metalloids
properties and form
Silicon
similar compounds
such as oxides.
Non-metal
Phosphorus
Sulphur
Chlorine
Argon
Acid base behaviour of oxides 
The End

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