Lagging and Insulation

References:
– Hull Maintenance
Technician, 1995 Edition
– NSTM Chapter 635 Thermal, Fire, and
Acoustic Insulation
– NAVOSH Program Manuel for Forces Afloat,
OPNAVINST 5100.19
Insulation:

 The purpose of insulation is to

limit the transfer of heat from hot
piping to the surrounding
atmosphere, or to piping that is
cooler than the surrounding
atmosphere.
 OTHER ADVANTAGES OF
INSULATION:
Insulation helps maintain the desired temperature in the system.

It prevents sweating of pipes from cool or colder systems.

Protects personnel from being burned by hot surfaces.

Quality Requirements for Various
Insulating Materials
 Low heat conductivity
 Noncombustibility
 Lightweight material
 Easy molding and installation capability
 Moisture repellant
 Noncorrosive, insoluble, and chemically
inactive
 Hygienically safe to handle
 Composition,structure, and insulating
properties unchanged by the temperatures
at which it is to be used
 Verminproof
 Special Types of Insulation

 Thermal Insulation: Good for temperatures up to 1200

degrees F.
– For fluid temperatures up to 650 degrees insulation must lower
surface temp. to 125 degrees
– For above 650 it must reduce surface temp. to 133 degrees

 Acoustic Insulation: Reduces airborne noise levels

aboard ship for hearing conservation and personnel comfort

 Fire Insulation: Installed over magazines, pyrotechnic

lockers, or aluminum structures to reduce risk of serious damage
due to fire
– When exposed to normal fire, insulation will keep far side temp. less
than 450 degrees for a period of 30 min.
Special types of Insulation: (continued)

 Anti-Sweat Insulation: Consists of

preformed sectional pipe covering conforming E.B.
Specification 4013
– For 28 to 99 degrees F use 1/2” insulation in air
conditioned spaces and 3/4” on all other piping
– For refrigerant systems 0 to 40 degrees F use 3/4”
insulation in air conditioned spaces and 1” on all others
– For refrigerant systems -20 to -1 degrees F use 1”
insulation in air conditioned spaces and 1-1/2 on all
others

– For more specific individual system

requirements refer to Naval Ships
Tech. Manual Chapter 635
Removable Insulation:

 The following locations are usually

covered with removable insulation:
 Manhole covers, inspection openings, turbine casing flanges, drain
plugs, and strainer clean-outs
 Flanged pipe joints adjacent to machinery or equipment that must be
broken when units are opened for inspection or overhaul
 Valve bonnets of valves larger than 2” NPS that operate at 300 psi
and above or 240 degrees F and above
 All pressure-reducing and pressure-regulating valves, pump pressure
governors, and strainer bonnets.
 Exceptions to Insulation Requirements
 In general, insulation is required on all machinery,
piping, and equipment with an external surface temp. of
125º F or higher. However the following shall not be
insulated:
– Boiler gauge glass
– Pressure gauge piping
– Relief valves, and piping beyond valve discharge except for personnel
protection
– Piping in bilges, voids, and cofferdams (unless detrimental to system operation)
– Piping over shower stalls, behind, and under lavatories
– Valves or flanges on the CHT system
– Mechanical joints exposed to sub-atmospheric pressure
– Soot-blower valve units and soot blower flanges
– Steam and water piping under and around kettles in galley wet deck area.
Use perforated CRES or AL perforated shield with 1/2” standoff for
personnel protection.
General guidelines in the application and
maintenance of insulation:

 Fill in all air pockets and cracks. Failure to do

this will result in large losses in insulation
effectiveness.
 Seal the ends of the insulation and taper to a
smooth airtight joint. At joint ends or other
points where insulation is liable to get
damaged, use sheet metal lagging. Cuff
flanges and joints with 6 inch lagging.
General guidelines in the application and
maintenance of insulation (cont.)
 Keep moisture out of insulation. Moisture
is an enemy of heat reducing insulation,
since ant dampness increases the
conductivity of the heat insulating
materials.
 Insulate all hangars and other supports at
their point of contact from the pipe or
equipment they are supporting, otherwise a
considerable amount of heat will be lost
via conduction through the support.
General guidelines in the application and
maintenance of insulation (cont.)
 Do not paint sheet metal covering. The
heat radiation from bright and light colored
objects is considerably less than from
rough and dark-colored objects.
 At least once a year, and preferably at six
month intervals a careful inspection of
insulation should be performed. Ensure
upkeep and repairs are completed
carefully as the original installation and use
the same material as was used in the
original installation.
*****CAUTION *****

 INSTALLED LAGGING AND

INSULATION MAY CONTAIN
ASBESTOS!
What is Asbestos?
 Asbestos is a general term which
applies to a variety of naturally
occurring silicates. Fibers of these
silicates may rang from coarse to
silky. Asbestos was used as a primary
insulating material due to its high
resistance to heat and corrosive
chemicals.
Where Can Asbestos be Found?
 Primary insulation and lagging material
for high temp. machinery, boilers, and
piping.
 Reinforcing materials (cement pipe &
sheet materials.
 Suspended ceiling tiles.
 Thickening agents in paint.
 Floor tiling and in adhesives
 Fireproof drapes and curtains
Identification of Asbestos:

 Asbestos free repairs may have been labeled

in one of the following ways…insulation
must be assumed to be asbestos until a
sample of the material has been determined
to be non-asbestos.
Identification of Asbestos-free
repairs:

 Banding and labeling: Some ships have

asbestos free thermal insulation repairs
marked by metal labels banded or wired to
the outer covering.
Identification of Asbestos-free
repairs(cont.)
 Green colored adhesive: A few surface
ships have asbestos free repairs identified
by a leaf-green colored adhesive painted
over the last layer of cloth surrounding the
repair. The top coat of paint which is
normally white will conceal the green, so a
spot must be scraped off to identfy the
color.
Identification of Asbestos-free
repairs(cont.)
 Red Colored Adhesive: The navy has
selected the red tinted adhesive as the
labeling methods for asbestos free repairs
commencing August 1978. If scraping
through the top coat of paint reveals a bright
red color beneath, the area is asbestos free.
 Review Question:
 Insulation on piping and machinery should be
installed for which of the following reasons?
– 1. To Protect personnel from being burned
– 2. To increase economic operation of the equipment
– 3. To prevent the heat within a compartment from
being transferred to a low temperature piping system.
– 4. All of these are correct

 Answer: #4-All of these are correct!

 Review Question:
 Which of the following statements is false?
– 1. Failure to seal air pockets and cracks in insulation
will result in large heat losses.
– 2. You should not allow insulation to become moist
because it reduces its effectiveness and causes long
term disintegration
– 3. Hangars and other supports should not be
insulated to prevent loss of heat by conduction.
– 4. Do not paint sheet metal coverings because bright
and light colored objects radiate less heat than rough
or darker objects.
 Answer: #3-Hangars and supports
should be insulated to prevent loss of
heat.
 Review Question:
 Where can you find information on proper
insulating materials for shipboard systems,
along with their application and precautions?
– 1. Hull Maintenance Technician Rate Training
Manual
– 2. NSTM Chapter 593
– 3. ANSI B16.5-1995
– 4. NSTM Chapter 635

 Answer: #4-NSTM Chapter 635 Thermal,

Acoustic, and Fire Insulation
 This concludes
your training
on shipboard
insulation
requirements

Good Luck On Your

Exam!