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Testing of Materials

1. Material testing involves measuring properties like hardness, toughness, strength, and stiffness through various tests. 2. Hardness is measured through indentation tests like Vickers or Brinell which force an indenter into the material. 3. Toughness can be measured through impact tests like Izod or Charpy which measure the energy absorbed when a notched sample is broken by a swinging pendulum. 4. Strength can be evaluated through tensile or deflection tests which apply increasing loads until failure.

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R J
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763 views

Testing of Materials

1. Material testing involves measuring properties like hardness, toughness, strength, and stiffness through various tests. 2. Hardness is measured through indentation tests like Vickers or Brinell which force an indenter into the material. 3. Toughness can be measured through impact tests like Izod or Charpy which measure the energy absorbed when a notched sample is broken by a swinging pendulum. 4. Strength can be evaluated through tensile or deflection tests which apply increasing loads until failure.

Uploaded by

R J
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Materials Technology

Material Testing
Overview – Testing Materials
Hardness Testing
Measures the materials resistance to indentation or scratching

Hardness Value
Read Directly From
Dial
Table Height
Indenter Adjustment

Test Component
Placed on Table
Activating lever

Direct Reading Hardness Testing


Machine (Vickers or Brinell)
Overview – Testing Materials
Vickers Hardness Testing
Measures the materials resistance to indentation or scratching

A square pyramid shaped


indenter (point angle 136°) is
forced into the specimen. The
diagonal length of the indented
square is measured. This
measurement is taken by a
special microscope for accuracy.
It is then converted into a
Vickers hardness
number
Overview – Testing Materials
Brinell Hardness Testing
Measures the materials resistance to indentation or scratching

The Brinell hardness test


uses a hardened steel or
tungsten carbide ball of
10mm, 5mm or 1mm
diameter. The diameter of
the indentation is measured
and it is used to indicate the
hardness of the material
Overview – Testing Materials`
Simple Workshop Test (Hardness)
The Plunger is dropped Heavy Plunger
from a 500mm height
onto different materials.
The indentations on
each test piece are
measured.
The deeper the Clear Acrylic Tube
indentation – the softer
the material

Specimen to be Tested
Steel Ball Bearing
Overview – Testing Materials
Izod Impact Test
Measures a materials toughness
Scale to read energy
Start Position
absorbed in breaking
of Pendulum
the specimen

Test Specimen
Pendulum
Held Vertically

Vice
Overview – Testing Materials`
Izod Impact Test
Measures a materials toughness
Pendulum

•The Specimen is held


vertically in a vice

•The notch on the


specimen faces the
pendulum

•The striking energy of


the pendulum is 167
Vice Joules

Specimen
Overview – Testing Materials`
Charpy Impact Test
Measures a materials toughness
Pendulum

•The Specimen is held


horizontally – between
two supports
•The notch on the
specimen faces away
from the pendulum
•The striking energy of
the pendulum is 300
Support Joules

Specimen
Overview – Testing Materials`
Simple Workshop Test (Toughness)
Hammer
This is another
comparative test.
The specimen pieces Vice
are held vertically in a
vice and hit with a
hammer
It is important to wear a
face shield or goggles
and for spectators to
stand well back.
Brittle materials will Specimen
fracture and possibly
splinter. Ductile Material
Overview – Testing Materials`
`
Simple Workshop Test (Deflection)
This is another Weights
comparative test Platform

The specimen is placed on


the supports
Weights are placed on the
platform, pushing the
plunger down causing the Plunger
specimen to deflect Specimen

Specimens can be tested


to destruction or their
deflection is measured Supports
when the same weight is
applied to each in turn
Overview – Testing Materials`
Tensile Testing
Measures a materials tensile strength

Clamps for Holding


Dial Gauge to Measure Specimen
Extension of Specimen

Simple Tensile Testing Machine


Overview – Testing Materials`
Simple Workshop Test (Stiffness)
Clamped
Deflection

This is a comparative
test. The material to be
tested is clamped to a
bench.
Weights are applied to
the free end.
Specimen
The amount of
deflection of each
material is measured Applied Weights
and compared with
each other

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