Pharmacy orientation PPP211

Lec. 1 (Introduction to the pharmacy

profession and the future of the
pharmacist)
By Dr. Ahmed Mohsen Hamdan
7th Sept 2014
 Lecture topics
• Definition of Pharmacy and Drug
• Scope of Pharmacy.
• Naming of Drugs.
• Pharmacist career.
• Pharmacy Education.
• Pharmacy Ethics
• Good Dispensing practice.
 1. Definition of Pharmacy
• Pharmacy: Derived from
the Greek word Pharmakon
means medicine or drug.
• Pharmacy: Is the art and
science of preparing,
dispensing and proper
utilization of medications
and the provision of drug-
related information to the
public.
Pharmacy
 Definition of Drug
• According to the FDA (Food and Drug
Administration), Drug is:
a substance intended for use in the diagnosis,
cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of
disease.
 Drug
• The material may be:
1. Natural in origin (plant-animal-minerals).
2. Synthetic drugs like aspirin.
3. Semi synthetic like ampicillines.
 2- Scope of Pharmacy
• It involves:
1. Interpretation of prescription orders
2. Compounding.
3. Labeling.
4. Dispensing of drugs and devices.
5. Drug product selection and drug utilization
reviews.
6. Patient monitoring and interventions.
7. Provision of information of medications and
devices.
 3- Naming of a drug
• Chemical name: The name indicating the
chemical structure of the drug.
• Generic name: The name given to the
compound during early investigation.
• Official name: The name given to the drug in
the pharmacopoeia.
• Brand name: Trade name of the drug in the
market.
 How do we name drugs?
• analgesic compound : O

OH NH C CH3

• Chemical name :N- acetyl- para- aminophenol

• Official name: B.P. 1998: paracetamol.
• USP XXII: acetaminophen.
• Brand name (Trade name):
– Abimol (Glaxo), Paramol (Misr)
– Pyral (Kahira), Cetal (Eipico)
 4- Pharmacist Career
1. Community pharmacist
2. Hospital pharmacist
3. Clinical pharmacist
4. Industrial pharmacist
5. Medical representative pharmacist
6. Academic (research) pharmacist
 Community Pharmacist
• Definition: Pharmacist working in public pharmacy.
• Qualifications: Pharmacists must have a bachelor or a
doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.), a 4-year professional
degree. They also must be licensed, which requires
passing many under graduate exams. Pharmacist also
must have a language proficiency levels.
• Job description:
1. dispense prescription medications to patients
2. offer expertise in the safe use of prescriptions.
3. provide advice on how to lead a healthy lifestyle,
conduct health and wellness screenings
4. provide immunizations
5. oversee the medications given to patients.
• Income
 Assignment
• Do a research and a presentation about other
pharmacist career.
• The research must include at least the previous
items.
• The due date is 7th Moharmam 1436 H
• Each research consists of a group of 5 students
at least.
• Each group will present the presentation on
the tutorial session separately
• Rubrics will be distributed
 Presentation skills
• Sound
• Eye contact
• Organization
• Clear sound
• points
 Pharmacy Education
• All faculties of pharmacy adopt 5 program to get B.Sc.
pharm or 6 years to get Pharm D. degree
• The courses of pharmacy education:
1. Pharmaceutics, biopharmaceutics and clinical pharmacy
2. Pharmacognosy
3. Organic chemistry
4. Analytical chemistry
5. Pharmaceutical chemistry
6. Biochemistry
7. Microbiology and public health
8. Pharmacology & toxicology
9. Clinical Pharmacy
• Complementary studies include: Mathematics,
management, pharmacy law
Types of education necessary for creating
a pharmacist
• Basic science (Chemistry, Biology, Physics)
• Clinical studies.
• Technical Skills
• Drug information and scientific knowledge
• Economic knowledge
• Psychological and sociological understanding
 Aims of Modern pharmaceutical
education
• Provide scientific background
• Provide professional skills and knowledge
• Provide business training
• Provide broad general education
 Pharmacy Profession
• Patient services Drug Services
Innovating new Drugs
Screening for effect and safety
Analysis
Direct Activities Indirect activities Formulation
- Hospital Pharmacy - Drug promotion In process quality control
Production
- Clinical Pharmacy - Family planning program
Final quality control
- Community Pharmacy - Dehydration treatment program Distribution
- Bio chemical analysis - National Screening
- Microbiological analysis - Preventive Measures
- Immunolgical analysis - For epidemic diseases
• Ensure drug quality: Good manufacture practice GMP validation and
quality assurance.
• The production: of all human dosage forms cosmetics, vaccines,
blood products, blood replacements, certain pesticides and
veterinary drugs.
 Code of Ethics
• Pharmacists are health professional who
assist individuals in making the best use of
medications
• This code states the principles
fundamental roles and responsibilities of
pharmacists
• The principles are:
– pharmacists respect relationship between the
patient and pharmacist and this occurs by:
• Pharmacist has to maintain knowledge
• Pharmacist asks for the consultation of colleagues
 Code of Ethics
• Pharmacist promotes the good of every patient
in a confidential manner by considering:
– Needs stated by the patient
– Needs defined by health science
• Pharmacist respect autonomy and dignity of
each patient.
– Autonomy: a pharmacist promotes the rights of self
determination by encouraging patient to participate in
decisions about their health.
– Dignity: in all cases. The pharmacist respects
personal and cultural differences among patients.
 Organizations:
• Pharmacist must maintain & develop good
pharmaceutical practice by working with national and
international organizations.
• International organizations:
– World Health Organization (W.H.O): It is responsible for health
care all over the world.
– Food and Drug Administration (F.D.A.): It is responsible for the
quality of food and drug in U.S.A
– United Nation Division of Narcotic Drugs (UNND) responsible for
the regulations concerning the use and abuse of narcotic drugs.
• Role of international organizations:
– Development of protocols and methodologies
– Development of materials and magazines
– Exchange of in formations and experiences
– Researches for evaluations of medications
 Organizations Cont…
• National organizations:
– Saudi pharmaceutical society ‫الجمعية الصيدلية السعودية‬: Responsible
for the profession of pharmacy and welfare of pharmacists in
Saudi Arabia.
– http://www.pharma.sa/public/english/Index
• Issues a scientific Journal in pharmaceutical sciences.
• Hold conference every two years for pharmacists.
• Responsible for Continuing educations
– Saudi Society of Hospital Pharmacists: concerned with all
aspects of hospital and clinical pharmacists.
• National Pharmacopoeia Committee: Responsible for
reviewing and updating the pharmacopoeia.
Good Dispensing Practice
A) Proper labeling
 Good Dispensing Practice
B) Proper Storage
1- Use amber glass bottles for light sensitive
drugs such as Acyclovir, Atenolol, Beperidil and
Claforan.
2- Use refrigerator for heat sensitive drugs such
as Thorazine, Cognitin and Desipramine.
3- Use air tight containers for oxygen sensitive
drugs such as Amiodarone, Bleomycin and
Cordaron.
4- Use adsorbents for hydrolysable drugs such
as Acetaminophen, Amiodarone,
Chlorpromazine and Clonidine.
 Good Dispensing Process
• Label it properly and check for expiry data.
• Clean and organize the working area.
• Proper recording of the drugs (inventory
control)
 Good Dispensing Environment
Dispensing environments must be clean,
because most medicinal products are for
internal use, making it important that they be
hygienic and uncontaminated. The environment
must also be organized so that dispensing can
be performed accurately and efficiently. The
dispensing environment includes:
• Staff
• Physical surroundings
• Shelving and storage areas
• Surfaces used during work
• Equipment and packaging materials
 Good Dispensing Person
The dispenser must be: Organized,
Knowledgeable, Trained, Honest and
Communicative.
Thank you