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Tapping To Global Market

The document discusses various strategies for companies to enter global markets. It covers indirect exporting through representatives, direct exporting by establishing overseas sales subsidiaries, licensing which involves contracting production or use of intellectual property to other companies, and joint ventures through partnerships. The key factors in deciding how to enter foreign markets include level of investment required, risk exposure, and ability to control operations in other countries.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
190 views

Tapping To Global Market

The document discusses various strategies for companies to enter global markets. It covers indirect exporting through representatives, direct exporting by establishing overseas sales subsidiaries, licensing which involves contracting production or use of intellectual property to other companies, and joint ventures through partnerships. The key factors in deciding how to enter foreign markets include level of investment required, risk exposure, and ability to control operations in other countries.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TAPPING TO GLOBAL MARKET

Marketing Management

Arwanda Wahyu Irawan


Daniel Marsellino Hamonangan Gultom
Rini Ramdhiani Muchtar
Competing on a Global Basis
Banyak Perusahaan Yang Cara Terbaik Untuk Berkompetisi
Bisa Berkompetisi Di Pasar Secara Global adalah Improvisasi
Global Produk Yang Berkelangsungan.

01 03

Perusahaan Juga
Produk dapat diterima di Bisa Mengambil
Perusahaan yang berkompetisi negara yang memiliki Competitive
secara global harus memahami budaya berbeda Advantage dengan
nilai dan kebutuhan dari memanfaatkan
konsumen Yang tersebar di 02 supply chain global
seluruh dunia.
04
Contoh: Nike with Athletic
Performance, MTV with Youth
Culture, and Coca Cola with
Youthful Optimism.
Major Decisions in International Marketing

Deciding whether to go aboard


A

B Deciding which markets to enter

Deciding how to enter


C

Deciding on the marketing program


D

E Deciding on the marketing organization

Kotler keller
Deciding whether to go aboard
Several Factor That Can Draw Companies
Into International Area

• Some international markets present better profit opportunities

Deciding Whether to than domestic market


• The company needs a larger customer base to achieve
economies scale
Go Abroad • The companies wants to reduce its dependence on any one
market
• The company decides to counterattack global competitors in
their home markets
• Customers are going abroad and require international service
Risk Before Going Abroad

• The company might not understand foreign preferences and


Deciding Whether to could fail to offer a competitively attractive product
• The company might not understand the foreign country’s
business culture
Go Abroad • The company might underestimate foreign regulation and
incur unexpected costs
• The company might lack managers with international
experience
• The foreign country might change its commercial laws,
devalue its currency, or undergo a political revolution and
expropiate foreign property
Four Stages Internatinalization Process

Deciding Whether to
Go Abroad •

No regular export activities
Export via independent representative (agents)
• Establishment of one or more sales subsidiaries
• Establishment of production facilities
Deciding which markets to enter
How many market to enter

Deciding Which • The Company must decide how many countries to enter and
how fast to expand
Markets to Enter • Entry Strategies with Waterfall Approach
• Entry Strategies with sprinkler approach
• The company must choose the countries to enter based on
the product and on factors such as geography, income,
population and political climate.
Evaluating Potential Markets

Deciding Which
Markets to Enter • Many Companies prefer to sell to neighboring countries
• Psychic proximity determines choice
Succeeding In Developing Markets

Deciding Which
• The Unmet needs of the developing world represent huge
Markets to Enter potential markets for food, clothing, shelter, consumer
electronics, appliance, and many other goods. Many market
leaders are relying on developing markets to fuel their growth.
Developing Markets

Deciding Which •

Brazil
India

Markets to Enter •
South Africa
Indonesia
Marketing Strategies
For Developing Markets

Deciding Which • Changing Conventional Marketing Strategies


• Tapping into the growing middle class in developing markets
Markets to Enter •

Identify neglected niches in large markets
Acquire one or more firms in developed markets
Deciding how to enter the market
Setelah menentukan pasar / negara mana yang
akan dituju maka tahap selanjutnya yaitu
memilih strategy terbaik untuk memasuki pasar
tersebut.

Deciding How to Five Models of Entry into Foreign Markets

Enter The Market Direct Exporting


Indirect Exporting
Licensing
Join Venture
Direct Investment
Domestic-based export merchants
buy the manufacturer’s products and then sell them.
Domestic-based export agents
including trading companies, seek and negotiate foreign
purchases for a commission.
Cooperative organizations
conduct exporting activities for several producers-often
Indirect of primary products such as fruits or nuts-and are partly
under their administrative control.

Exporting Export-management companies


agree to manage a company’s export activities for a fee
.
Perusahaan pada umumnya mengawali dengan
mengekspor produknya secara tidak langsung Kelebihan Indirect Export
- indirect exporting bekerja sama melalui 1. Less Investment
melalui perantara. Perusahaan tidak harus mengembangkan
departemen ekspor, tenaga penjualan di luar negeri.
2. Less Risk : karena perantara pemasaran internasional
membawa pengetahuan dan layanan dalam hubungan,
penjual akan membuat kesalahan lebih sedikit.
Jika berkembang pesat dan memiliki
banyak pelanggan diluar negeri, kemudian
perusahan tersebut akan membuat sebuah
sales company di negara tujuan ekspor,
yang tugasnya adalah bertujuan untuk
Direct Exporting memasarkan barang dan jasa tersebut.
Perusahaan mengekspor barang atau jasa
yang diproduksi sendiri. Direct Exporting methode
• Domestic-based export department
• Overseas sales branch or subsidiary
• Traveling export sales representatives
• Foreign-based distributors or agents
• Management Contract
Perusahaan menawarkan keahlian manajemen
dalam bidang tertentu sedangkan partner meny
ediakan prasarana fisik

• Contract Manufacturing
Perusahaan berusaha mencari sumberdaya ya
Licensing ng lebih murah agar produk perusahaan bisa di
Licencing adalah pengaturan kontrak yang mana produksi dengan murah.
satu perusahaan (the licencor) memberikan akses
hak paten, keahlian, prosesur pemasaran, • Franchising
trademarks, rahasia penjualan atau teknologi kepad Franchising is a specialized form of licensing (contract
a perusahaan lain (the licencee) ual agreement) in which the franchiser sells intangible
untuk mendapatkan bayaran. property to the franchisee and insists on rules to cond
uct the business.
Franchising is a most complete form of licensing. McD
onald’s, KFC, and Avis have entered scores of countri
es by franchising.
Example : Whirlpool took a 53% stake in th
e Dutch electronics group Philips to progre
Join Venture ss into the European market.
Kerjasama antara dua atau lebih
Perusahaan lokal maupun asing Example : P&G formed a joint venture with
untuk menciptakan perusahaan its Italian archrival Fater to cover babies’ b
patungan. ottoms in the UK and Italy.
Direct
Investment
Perusahaan asing dapat membeli sebagian atau
secara keseluruhan sebuah perusahaan lokal atau
membuat manufaktur atau jasa fasilitas sendiri.

Example : General Motors has invested bill


ions of dollars in auto manufacturers aroun
d the world, such as Shanghai GM, Fiat Au
to Holdings, Isuzu, Daewoo, Suzuki, and m
any others.
Aquisition
Perusahaan memilih untuk
mengakuisisi merek lokal untuk
merek portofolio mereka.
Deciding on the Marketing Program
Globally Standardized Marketing Pros and Cons
Advantages Disadvantages
• Economies of scale • Differences in consumer nee
• Lower marketing costs ds, wants, usage patterns
• Power and scope • Differences in consumer res
• Consistency in brand image ponse to marketing mix
• Ability to leverage • Differences in brand develop
• Uniformity of marketing pract ment process
ices • Differences in environment
4 Dimensi budaya menurut Hofstede
• Individualism versus Collectivism, terkait dengan
integrasi dari individu ke dalam kelompok-
kelompok utama;
Globally Similarities • Masculinity versus Feminimity, terkait dengan
and Differences pembagian dari peran emosi antara wanita
dan laki-laki
• Long Term versus Short Term Orientation, terkait
kepada pilihan dari fokus untuk usaha manusia:
masa depan, saat ini, atau masa lalu
• Indulgence versus Restraint, terkait kepada grati
fikasi dibandingkan kendali dari kebutuhan dasar
manusia untuk menikmati hidup
• Product features
• Labeling
• Colors
Marketing • Materials
Adaptation • Sales promotion
• Advertising media
• Brand name
• Packaging
• Advertising execution
• Prices
• Advertising themes
Marketing Adaptation
• Product Adaptation Strategies

Global Product
Strategies 1. Straight extension adalah memperkenalkan produk di pasar asi
ng tanpa perubahan apa pun.
2. Product adaptation adalah mengubah produk untuk memenuhi
kondisi atau preferensi local.
3. Product invention adalah penciptaan produk baru

• Brand Element Adaptation adalah mengubah el


emen tertentu seperti slogan atau iklan sesuai d
engan konsumen.
Global Communication Strategies
• Communication adaptation adalah perusahaan menyesuaikan komunikasi
pemasaran yang sesuai dengan target pasar.
• Jika perusahaan produk dan komunikasinya sekaligus maka di sebut dual adaptation
.
• Price Escalation
1. Menetapkan harga seragam dimana saja
2. Menetapkan harga berbasis pasar di setiap negara
3. Menetapkan harga berbasis biaya di setiap negara
• Transfer prices
Global Pricing 1. Transfer price adalah harga transfer ke unit lain di satu perusahaan

Strategies 2.
3.
Dumping adalah harga terlalu rendah
Arm’s-length Price adalah penetapan harga yang sama

• Grey markets adalah penjualan produk resmi


yang melalui distribusi illegal.
• Counterfeit Product adalah produk palsu / tiruan.
Global Distribution
Strategies
Country-of-origin perceptions are the mental associations and
beliefs triggered by a country. It can affect consumers and
businesses alike. Managing those perceptions to best advantage
is a marketing priority.

• Building Country Image


The effect of building country images more than tourism and
Country of have important value in commerce. Foreign business can boost
the local economy, provide jobs, and improve infrastructure.

Origin Effects Image can also help sell products

• Consumer Perceptions of Country of Origin


Marketers must look at country-of-origin perceptions from both a
domestic and a foreign perspective. In the domestic market,
these perceptions may stir consumers’ patriotic notions or remind
them of their past. Perceptions can be attributes in decision
making or influence other attributes in the process.
Batik Danar Hadi
Sejak 1975, Batik Danar Hadi telah melebarkan sayap
usahanya ke ibukota, Jakarta, dan kota-kota besar di
seluruh propinsi Indonesia dengan membuka Rumah-ru
mah Batik serta rangkaian outlet lainnya. Ekspansi us
aha dilakukan antara lain di tahun 1981 (pabrik pertenu
nan & finishing), tahun 1990 (parik permintalan), dan ta
hun 1997 ( jaringan distribusi untuk menjangkau pasar
yang lebih luas).

Pada awal tahun 1980 Batik Danar Hadi mulai diekspor


ke beberapa negara seperti Amerika Serikat, Italia dan
Jepang.
Sampai saat ini danar hadi sudah me
miliki existing buyer, dengan pangsa p
asar benua amerika, eropa, australia d
an asia.

Deciding whether to go aboard &


Deciding which markets to enter

https://www.academia.edu/23681777/PT._Batik_Danar_Hadi
Deciding how to enter & Deciding on the marketing program

• Selama ini, Danar Hadi sudah mengekspor batik ke Amerika Serikat, Singapura, dan beberapa negara
di Eropa. Setiap negara memiliki selera pasar yang unik. Pasar Amerika Serikat, misalnya, menyukai po
tongan pakaian batik yang sederhana, sedangkan pasar Eropa lebih menggemari gaya modern. Di beb
erapa negara, seperti Hongkong dan Korea, Danar Hadi bekerja sama dengan KBRI untuk pemasaran
produk batik.
• Strategi penjualan langsung (direct marketing) dinilai lebih efektif ketimbang melakukan iklan – iklan pad
a sebuah website, brosur atau media promosi yang lain. Selain memangkas pengeluaran, strategi ini ju
ga dipercaya dapat membuat pesan – pesan yang disampaikan bisa lebih diterima lebih baik sehingga k
onsumen dan akan tercipta komunikasi dan dialog yang baik secara pribadi dengan pelanggan.Stategi
direct marketing juga sangat baik untuk menjaga hubungan dengan konsumen karena adanya komunik
asi yang terjalin antara PT. Batik danar Hadi divisi ekspor dengan pelanggannya

https://www.academia.edu/23681777/PT._Batik_Danar_Hadi
Deciding on the marketing organization
Terima Kasih

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