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Sedimentologi - Transport Dan Pengendapan Sedimen Silisiklastik

This document discusses key concepts in fluid dynamics and sediment transport. It covers the following topics in 3 sentences or less each: 1. The physical properties of fluids including density and viscosity. 2. Forces that drive fluid motion such as gravity and pressure gradients. 3. Types of fluid flow including laminar, turbulent, oscillatory and unidirectional flow and how they affect velocity profiles and sediment transport.

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137 views61 pages

Sedimentologi - Transport Dan Pengendapan Sedimen Silisiklastik

This document discusses key concepts in fluid dynamics and sediment transport. It covers the following topics in 3 sentences or less each: 1. The physical properties of fluids including density and viscosity. 2. Forces that drive fluid motion such as gravity and pressure gradients. 3. Types of fluid flow including laminar, turbulent, oscillatory and unidirectional flow and how they affect velocity profiles and sediment transport.

Uploaded by

anon_684322156
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Variables

physical properties of fluids:


• The density of a fluid (ρ), the mass of fluid per unit
volume of fluid (1 g/cm3)
• The viscosity of a fluid (μ), a measure of the
resistance of the fluid to deformation.
Dasar Aliran Fluida
Dasar Aliran Fluida

τ = Shear force
μ = Dynamic viscosity
du = Change in veolocity
dy = Relative to height
v = Kinematic viscosity
Movement of Fluids
Forces drive fluid motions:
• The force of gravity. In a flow down a sloping
channel, the weight of an element of fluid has a
downslope component
• Pressure gradients. In a flow in a horizontal pipe or
conduit, the fluid moves only if there's a
downstream decrease in fluid pressure.
Gaya Penyebab Pergerakan Fluida
The force of gravity

Pressure gradients
Laminar and Turbulent Velocity
Turbulent Flow
• In turbulent flow the velocity distribution is much
more uniform over most of the thickness of the
flow, but changes much more sharply very close to
the boundary.
• layer next to the boundary, where viscous shearing
is more important than turbulence, could be called
the viscosity-dominated layer
Turbulent Flow
Dynamic Flow
Laminar dan Turbulent Flow
Kecepatan Aliran Arus Turbidit
Oscillatory Flows
• unidirectional flow: a current that moves in one
direction only
• oscillatory flow: a current that reverses its direction
periodically with time.
Oscillatory Flows
Waves
Generation of Wave Ripples

Water movement during generation of wave ripples. Note that the orbital
movement of water is flattening close to sediment surface and well
developed symmetrical shapes form at this surface
Forces on Particles
The forces on the smooth surface of the hemisphere:
• Viscous forces → are exerted tangential to the solid
surface. Because the fluid is undergoing shear next
to the solid surface
• Pressure forces → fluids exert pressure within
themselves and also on all solid boundaries (force
per unit area) acting perpendicular to the boundary
Forces on Particles
Pattern of Flow
Flow and Forces
Viscosity – dominated layer
Flow and Forces
High above the viscous sublayer
Particle Entrainment by Current
Mekanisme Tranportasi Sedimen
By fluid flow
• Traction : grain rolling/sliding along substrate
• Saltation : grain hopping along substrate
• Suspension : ‘permanent’ grain entrainment

By gravity flow


• Grain flow : cohesionless sediment movement
• Debris flow : viscous sediment movement
• Liquefied flow : over-pressured interstitial fluid
movement
• Density flow : slurry movement driven by differential
density
Mekanisme Tranportasi Sedimen

By fluid flow
The Sediment Load
• bed load → travels in direct contact with the bed or
so close to the bed as not to be substantially
affected by the fluid turbulence.
• suspended load → maintained in temporary
suspension above the bed by the action of upwardly
moving turbulent eddies.
Sediment Load
Bed Load
Beban Sedimen dan Jalur
Transportasi
Traction Carpet
Suspended Load
Suspended Load
Verical turbulent > fall Verical turbulent >> fall
Velocities sediment particles Velocities sediment particles
Saltation
Mixed – Sized Sediments

A. Larger particles tend to be exposed to the force of the flow


B. Smaller particles tend to be shielded from the force of the flow
Mixed – Sized Sediments

A. Larger particles roll easily on bed of small particles


B. Smaller particles roll with difficulty on a bed of larger particles
Mekanisme Tranportasi Sedimen
By gravity flow
Transportasi Partikel oleh Aliran
Gravity Sedimen
Transportasi Partikel oleh Aliran
Gravity Sedimen
Liquefied Flows
Particle Entrainment: Hjulström’s Diagram
Unidirectional and Oscillatory
Flow
Sequence of Bed
Bedforms & Unidirectional Currents
Bedforms & Unidirectional
Currents
Bedforms & Unidirectional Currents

Internal character of ripples. Note dominance of forset over single bottom set
laminae and a stoss side laminae
Dip in the Curve
Depth-Velocity-Size Diagram
Separated Flow Over a Ripple or a
Dune
Sediment Movement
Transpoted Grains
Oscillatory Flows
Oscillatory Flows
Graph of Oscillatory –
Unidirectional Velocity
Graph of Oscillatory –
Unidirectional Velocity
Fallout Without Traction

A = fallout without traction


B = fallout with traction
C = differential transport
D = mass deposition
Sediment Load
Layer Deposit
Endapan Aliran Fluida
Endapan Arus Turbidit

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