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Real Transformer 2010

Real Transformer has flux leakages, core losses, Limited permeability. Ideal transformer has u-[?] r-0 ip. In real transformer, if the current in the secondary is zero (no load), the current in primary is not zero.

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160 views23 pages

Real Transformer 2010

Real Transformer has flux leakages, core losses, Limited permeability. Ideal transformer has u-[?] r-0 ip. In real transformer, if the current in the secondary is zero (no load), the current in primary is not zero.

Uploaded by

muaz_aminu1422
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Real Transformer

1- There are flux leakages


2- Some power loss
(copper, core losses)
3- Limited permeability

Let’s see what effects these realities would have on voltage and
current relation of the primary and the secondary
Q:Can we modify the ideal transformer model to take these
realities into account?

A: Yes
1-Flux leakage
With no flux leakage
dϕ dϕ vp Np
vp = N p vs = N s = =α
dt dt vs Ns
Now with flux leakage
dϕ p dϕ s
vp = N p vs = N s
dt dt
ϕ p = ϕ M + ϕ Lp ϕ s = ϕ M + ϕ Ls
dϕ M dϕ Lp dϕ M dϕ Ls
vp = N p + Np vs = N s + Ns
dt dt dt dt
v p = e p + eLp vs = es + eLs
ep Np
= =α
es Ns
Q: Is there a way to model the flux leakage:
A: Yes, we can count for flux leakage using this
equivalent circuit

ϕ p = ϕ M + ϕ Lp
dϕ M dϕ Lp
vp = N p + Np
dt dt
v p = e p + eLp
dϕ Lp
eLp = N p
dt
Manipulations of formulas

2
d d Fp d N p .i p N p di p di p
eLp = N p ϕ Lp = Np = Np = = Lp
dt dt ℜ Lp dt ℜ Lp ℜ Lp dt dt
2
Np di p
Lp = ⇒ eLp = Lp
ℜ Lp dt

v p = e p + eLp

The same for secondary


2
Ns dis
Ls = ⇒ eLs = Ls
ℜLs dt
2- Some power loss (copper, core losses)

2-1- Copper loss

Pcu , p = R p . I 2
p

Pcu ,s = Rs . I 2
s
2-2- Core (eddy and hysteresis) loss

3- Limited permeability

In ideal transformer:
µ→∞ F = ϕℜ ip Ns 1
ℜ→0 N p .i p − N s .is = ϕℜ = 0 = =
is N p α
That means in ideal transformer, if the current in the secondary
is zero (no load), the current in the primary should be zero as well
In real transformer:
F = ϕℜ
N p .i p − N s .is = ϕℜ ≠ 0
That means in real transformer, if the current in the secondary
is zero (no load), the current in the primary is not zero

Magnetization current
Ideal Transformer Model

Real Transformer Model

Using phasor
Other Equivalent Circuits

The original equivalent circuit

Referred to the primary


The original equivalent circuit

Referred to the secondary


Some Simplifications

If we assume that
the current in Rc
and XM would not
change much if we
change its place,
If we ignore the core losses and magnetization current

These models are too simplified, the original model is too


complicated, we usually work with these models

Referred to the primary Referred to the secondary


Determining the Parameters
Open-circuit
test

Short-circuit test
Q: Given six values, how can we determine
the parameters of the equivalent circuit

Poc ,Voc , I oc
Psc ,Vsc , I sc
From open-circuit test,
Poc ,Voc , I oc

1 1
YE = −j = Gc − jBM = YE ∠ − θ
Rc XM
I oc
YE = ,
Voc
Poc
Poc = Voc I oc . cosθ ⇒ ∠θ = cos−1

Voc I oc
Short circuit test
Psc ,Vsc , I sc

Z SE = Req + jX eq = Z SE ∠θ
Vsc
Z SE = ,
I sc
Psc
Psc = Vsc I sc . cosθ ⇒ ∠θ = cos −1

Vsc I sc
Note: We cannot split the series impedance into primary
and secondary components
In Summary
Poc ,Voc , I oc
Given:
Psc ,Vsc , I sc

If the test is done on the primary


For the equivalent circuit referred to the primary

1 1 I oc −1 Poc
−j = ∠ − cos
Rc X M Voc Voc I oc

Vsc −1 Psc
Req + jX eq = ∠ cos
I sc Vsc I sc
Two Obtainable Equivalent
Circuit

To obtain the equivalent circuit referred to secondary,


Divide the parameters by the turn ratio square
Example
Equivalent circuit
Referred to the primary

Given:
8000/240

Equivalent circuit
Referred to the secondary 0.034Ω 0.172Ω

143Ω 34Ω

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