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Lecture Notes 6.4

lecture note chapter 6 engineering mechanics:statics

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Yip Tuck Wai
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185 views

Lecture Notes 6.4

lecture note chapter 6 engineering mechanics:statics

Uploaded by

Yip Tuck Wai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

THE METHOD OF SECTIONS

Today’s Objectives:
Students will be able to
determine:
1. Forces in truss members using
In-Class Activities:
the method of sections.
•Applications
• Method of Sections
•Group Problem Solving

Mechanics for Engineers: Statics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
APPLICATIONS

Long trusses are often used to construct large cranes


and large electrical transmission towers.

The method of joints requires that many joints be analyzed


before we can determine the forces in the middle of a large truss.

So another method to determine those forces is helpful.


Mechanics for Engineers: Statics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
THE METHOD OF SECTIONS

In the method of sections, a truss is divided into two parts by


taking an imaginary “cut” (shown here as a-a) through the truss.

Since truss members are subjected to only tensile or


compressive forces along their length, the internal forces at the
cut members will also be either tensile or compressive with the
same magnitude as the forces at the joint. This result is based
on the equilibrium principle and Newton’s third law.
Mechanics for Engineers: Statics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
STEPS FOR ANALYSIS

1. Decide how you need to “cut” the truss. This is based on:
a) where you need to determine forces, and, b) where the total
number of unknowns does not exceed three (in general).

2. Decide which side of the cut truss will be easier to work


with (minimize the number of external reactions).

3. If required, determine any necessary support reactions by


drawing the FBD of the entire truss and applying the E-of-E.
Mechanics for Engineers: Statics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
STEPS FOR ANALYSIS (continued)

4. Draw the FBD of the selected part of the cut truss. You need to
indicate the unknown forces at the cut members. Initially, you
may assume all the members are in tension, as done when using
the method of joints. Upon solving, if the answer is positive, the
member is in tension as per the assumption. If the answer is
negative, the member must be in compression. (Please note that
you can also assume forces to be either tension or compression
by inspection as was done in the figures above.)

Mechanics for Engineers: Statics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
STEPS FOR ANALYSIS (continued)

5. Apply the scalar equations of equilibrium (E-of-E) to the


selected cut section of the truss to solve for the unknown
member forces. Please note, in most cases it is possible to
write one equation to solve for one unknown directly. So
look for it and take advantage of such a shortcut!

Mechanics for Engineers: Statics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
EXAMPLE
Given: Loads as shown on the
truss.
Find: The force in members
KJ, KD, and CD.
Plan:

a) Take a cut through members KJ, KD and CD.


b) Work with the left part of the cut section. Why?
c) Determine the support reactions at A. What are they?
d) Apply the E-of-E to find the forces in KJ, KD and CD.

Mechanics for Engineers: Statics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
EXAMPLE (continued)

56.7 kN

Analyzing the entire truss for the reactions at A, we get


 FX = AX = 0. A moment equation about G to find AY results in:
∑MG = AY (18) – 20 (15) – 30 (12) – 40 (9) = 0; AY = 56.7 kN

Now take moments about point D. Why do this?


+ MD = – 56.7 (9) + 20 (6) + 30 (3) – FKJ (4) = 0
FKJ = − 75.1 kN or 75.1 kN ( C )

Mechanics for Engineers: Statics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
EXAMPLE (continued)

56.7 kN

Now use the x and y-directions equations of equilibrium.


↑ +  FY = 56.7 – 20 – 30 – (4/5) FKD = 0;
FKD = 8.38 kN (T)

→ +  FX = (– 75.1) + (3/5) (8.38) + FCD = 0;


FCD = 70.1 kN (T)

Mechanics for Engineers: Statics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING

Given: Loads as shown on the


truss.
Find: The force in members
GB and GF.
Plan:

a) Take the cut through members GF, GB, and AB.


b) Analyze the left section. Determine the support reactions at
A. Why?
c) Draw the FBD of the left section.
d) Apply the equations of equilibrium (if possible, try to do it so
that every equation yields an answer to one unknown.

Mechanics for Engineers: Statics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING (continued)

1) Determine the support reactions


at A by drawing the FBD of the
entire truss.

+→  FX = AX = 0

+  MD = – AY (28) + 600 (18) + 800 (10) = 0;


AY = 671.4 kN

Why is Ax equal zero by inspection?

Mechanics for Engineers: Statics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING
(continued)
2) Analyze the left section.

+  MB = – 671.4 (10) + FGF (10) = 0;


FGF = 671 kN (C)

↑ +  FY = 671.4 – FGB = 0;
FGB = 671 kN (T)

Mechanics for Engineers: Statics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.
Mechanics for Engineers: Statics, 13th SI Edition © Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
R. C. Hibbeler and Kai Beng Yap 2013. All rights reserved.

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