Scribd
Upload
140 views30 pages

2.5 Effects of A Force

The document discusses forces and Newton's Second Law of Motion. Some key points: 1) Balanced forces result in no acceleration, while unbalanced forces cause acceleration. 2) Newton's Second Law states that acceleration is directly proportional to net force and inversely proportional to mass. It can be expressed as: F=ma. 3) Examples show how to use the equation to calculate net force, acceleration, or mass when two variables are known. Newton's Second Law allows solving for the effect of forces on objects.

Uploaded by

khodijahamin
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
140 views30 pages

2.5 Effects of A Force

The document discusses forces and Newton's Second Law of Motion. Some key points: 1) Balanced forces result in no acceleration, while unbalanced forces cause acceleration. 2) Newton's Second Law states that acceleration is directly proportional to net force and inversely proportional to mass. It can be expressed as: F=ma. 3) Examples show how to use the equation to calculate net force, acceleration, or mass when two variables are known. Newton's Second Law allows solving for the effect of forces on objects.

Uploaded by

khodijahamin
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 30

2.

5
Understanding
the effects of a
Force
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this subtopic, you will be able to

• Describe the effects of balanced forces acting on an


object,
• Describe the effects of unbalanced forces acting on
an object,
• Determine the relationship between force, mass and
acceleration , F = ma,
• Solve problems using F =ma
LESSON 1
INTRODUCTION
All these daily activities need a force. Can you
describe what can a force do?

move an lift an
Take an
object object
object

Stop us from Make thing Change our


falling down moves faster action
1. Force is a vector quantity.

2. SI unit of force is kg m s-2 or newton, N


Change the speed
3. Effects of forces are : of an object
(a) Moves a stationary object.
(b) Slows down a moving object.
(c) Accelerates an object.
(d) Stop a moving object.
(e) Change the direction of motion.
(f) Change the shape of an object.
(g) Change the size of an object.
EFFECTS OF
BALANCED FORCE
AND
UNBALANCED
FORCE
BALANCED FORCES(1)

F2 F1

• No movement.
• The net force is zero.
• F1 and F2 are two equal and opposite
forces.
BALANCED FORCES(2)
F2
F4 F1
F3

Weight, W
• At rest.
• The net force is zero.
• The weight is balanced by the four
reactions from the ground.
BALANCED FORCES(3)
Lift

Drag Thrust

Weight
• Flying at the same height with constant

velocity.
• The net force is zero.
UNBALANCED FORCES(1)

• A golf ball is hit by a force.


• No other forces to balance it.
• The ball starts to move forward.
UNBALANCED FORCES(2)

• The player hit a volleyball which moves


towards him.
• No other forces to balance it.
• The ball bounces off and change
direction.
CONCLUSION
1. When an object is at rest or moves with
constant velocity, it means that :
(a) No force is acting on the body OR
(b) All the forces acting on the body
are balanced. The net force is
zero.
2. When an object changes speed or
direction of motion, it means that :
there must be an unbalanced force
acting on the body. The net
force is called resultant force.
RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN
FORCE, MASS AND
ACCELERATION
Carry out Exp 2.2 pg 29 and
Exp 2.3 pg31
• Group A, B and C Exp 2.2 pg 29
Aim : To investigate the relationship
between a and F
(constant mass)

• Group D, E and F Exp 2.2 pg 29


Aim : To investigate the relationship
between a and m
(Constant Force)
Exp 2.2 pg 29 ( constant mass)

Preparation before experiment :


1. Prepare a friction-compensated inclined runway.
Adjust the runway so that the trolley goes down
the runway with a constant speed when given a
slight push.

2. Increasing the pulling force on the trolley


Always stretch the elastic cord until the end of
the trolley.
Practice by pulling one cord, two cords and
three cords.
Exp 2.3 pg 31 ( constant force)

Preparation before experiment :


1. Prepare a friction-compensated inclined runway.
Adjust the runway so that the trolley goes down
the runway with a constant speed when given a
slight push.

2. Pull the trolley with a constant force.


Always stretch the elastic cord until the end of
the trolley.
Practice by pulling one trolley, two trolleys and
three trolleys.
LESSON 2
Carry out the
experiment for 30
minutes
Acceleration, a  Net force, F
Acceleration, a  1
Mass, m

aa  F FF  ma
ma
F
1 aa 
m FF =k
aa  =k ma
ma
m

By taking k = 1, we have F = ma
Newton’s
Second Law
of Motion
We define 1 N as the force needed to make a
mass 1 kg to produce an acceleration of 1 m s-2.
Newton’s Second Law of Motion
F = ma

states that the acceleration produced


by a net force on an object is directly
proportional to the magnitude of the
net force applied and is inversely
proportional to the mass of the
object. The direction of the
acceleration is the same as that of
the net force. F
aa 
m
Example 1 Exploring pg 93

What force is required to move a 2 kg


object with an acceleration of 3 m s-2, if
(a) the object is on a smooth surface ?
(b) the object is on a surface where the
average force of friction acting on
the object is 2 N ?
solution

(a) (b)
Net force, F = ma Net force, F = ma
= 2 (3) F – 2 = 2(3)
=6N =6N
F =8N
F 2N F
Example 2 Exploring pg 93

Azhari applies a force of 50 N to move a


12 kg carton at a constant velocity. What
is the frictional force?
50 N

solution F

Net force, F = ma 50 – F = 12 (0)


=0
F = 50 N
Example 3 Exploring pg 93

A car of mass 1200 kg travelling at 15 m s-1


is brought to rest over a distance of 30 m.
Find
(a) the average retardation, and
(b) the average braking force
solution

(a)u=15, v = 0, s=30 (b) F = ma


Using v2=u2+2as F = 1200(-3.75)
0 = 152+2a(30) = - 4500 N
60a = -152 Braking force= 4500 N
a = -3.75 m s-2

Retardation=3.75 m s-2
Example 4 Text book pg 41

The figure above shows a car of mass 1200 kg


towing a caravan of mass 800 kg and both have an
acceleration of 1.5 m s-2. Calculate
(a) the pulling force, F of the car,
(b) the tension, T, in the coupling between the car
and the caravan.
solution

(a) Combine the car and the caravan,

Net force, F = ma
F =(1200 + 800)(1.5)
= 3000 N
solution OR

(b) Consider only the (b) Consider only the

caravan car

T T
3000N

Net force, F = ma
Net force, F = ma
3000- T=(1200)(1.5)
= 1800
T =(800)(1.5)
T =3000-1800
= 1200 N
SUMMARY
1. Force is a vector quantity.

2. SI unit of force is kg m s-2 or


newton, N

3. If an object is at rest or moving


with constant velocity ,
resultant force F = 0.

4. If an object is moving with an


acceleration,
resultant force F = ma
Mastery Practice 2.5 pg 42
• Question 1, 2, 3
Extra pictures

You might also like