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Particle Size Analysis Population of Particles Particle Size Distributions Particle Size Measurements Sampling of Particulate Materials

The document discusses various methods for characterizing particles, including their size, shape, and size distribution. It describes techniques like microscopy, sedimentation analysis, and laser diffraction that can be used to measure particle properties. The key aspects of sampling particulate materials are also covered, such as keeping powder in motion and taking incremental samples from the entire stream.

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29 views

Particle Size Analysis Population of Particles Particle Size Distributions Particle Size Measurements Sampling of Particulate Materials

The document discusses various methods for characterizing particles, including their size, shape, and size distribution. It describes techniques like microscopy, sedimentation analysis, and laser diffraction that can be used to measure particle properties. The key aspects of sampling particulate materials are also covered, such as keeping powder in motion and taking incremental samples from the entire stream.

Uploaded by

Alex
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 Particle size analysis

 Population of particles
 Particle size distributions
 Particle size measurements
 Sampling of particulate materials
 Individual solid particles are characterized by
their size, shape and density.
 In many particles and/or powder handling and
processing operations, particle size and size
distribution play a key role in determining the
bulk properties.
 The simplest shape of particle is the sphere
because of its symmetry. However, the regular-
shaped particles can be accurately described by
giving the shape and a number of dimensions.
Shape Dimensions
Sphere Radius
Cube Side length
Cylinder Radius and
height
Cuboids Three side length
Cone Radius and
height
 Microscope with an image analyzer can be used
to view the particles and measure the size and
shape of the particles.
 Common statistical diameters used in
microscope analysis:
 Martin’s diameter
 Feret’s diameter
 Shear diameter
 Equivalent circle diameter
Area of circle with the same area as the projected area of the particle resting in a stable position.
Length of line which bisects the particle image.
Distance between two tangents on the opposite sides of the particle.
Particle width obtained using an image shearing device.
 Equivalent volume sphere diameter =
diameter of sphere having the same volume
as the particle.
 Expressed as frequency distribution curves or
cumulative curves.
 Distribution can be presented by number, mass,
volume, surface area, etc (where particle
density does not vary).
Most common methods of displaying size
distribution includes:
 Arithmetic-normal distribution
 Log-normal distribution
 arithmetic mean of 45 and standard deviation
of 12.
 dF/d(log x) versus x log x Arithmetic mean log x

Standard deviation
Salt Sugar
Particle size (nm) Frequency Frequency
1-5 1 2
6 - 10 2 5
11 - 15 4 11
16 - 20 8 16
21 - 25 16 10
26 - 30 19 8
31 - 35 10 8
 Using the same axis, plot frequency distribution curves for
both particles.
 Determine median, upper and lower quartiles for both
particles and the interquartile range.
 Make a short comment comparing on the two particles.
Answer: Cumulative Frequency

Both have 60 pieces of data

The scores in Salts are higher with less variation

salt 60 x
sugar xx
50
Cumulative frequency

x
Salt 40 Sugar
x
LQ = 20 30 x LQ = 13.5
Median = 25 20 x
Median = 19
x
UQ = 29 10
UQ = 26
x x
IQR = 9 0 xx x IQR = 12.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Marks
An article in Archaeometry involved in analysis of 26
samples of Romano-British pottery, found at four
different kiln sites in United Kingdom. The samples
were analyzed to determine their chemical
composition and the percentage of aluminum oxide in
each of the 26 samples is shown in Table 1.
 Construct a relative frequency histogram to
describe the aluminum oxide content in the 26
pottery samples.
 Explain the unusual feature from the graph.
Llanederyn Caldicot Island Ashley
Thorns Rails
14.4 11.6 11.8 18.3 17.7
13.8 11.1 11.6 15.8 18.3
14.6 13.4 18.0 16.7
11.5 12.4 18.0 14.8
13.8 13.1 20.8 19.1
10.9 12.7
10.1 12.5
Class Class Tally Class Class
boundary frequency relative
frequency
 Sieving
 Microscopy
 Sedimentation
 Permeametry
 Electro zone sensing
 Laser diffraction
 Dry sieving using wooden wire sieves
 Simple method
 Cheap method of size analysis
 Suitable for particles sizes greater than 45m
 The sieve diameter is dependent on the
maximum width and maximum thickness of
the particle.
 Microscopy is the technical field of usingmicroscopes to
view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with
the naked eye (objects that are not within the resolution
range of the normal eye). There are three well-known
branches of microscopy: optical, electron, and scanning
probe microscopy.
 Optical and electron microscopy involve the diffraction,
reflection, or refraction of electromagnetic
radiation/electron beams interacting with the specimen, and
the collection of the scattered radiation or another signal in
order to create an image. This process may be carried out by
wide-field irradiation of the sample (for example standard
light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy) or
 The suspension is
dilute
 Particles are assume to
fall at their single
terminal velocity.
 Stoke’s law (Rep<0.3)
is applied
 Suitable for particle
with size <50 m in
diameter
 Based on fluid flow through a packed bed.
 Using Carman-Kozeny equation for laminar
flow.

Pressure drop height voidage Fluid viscosity Superficial velocity


 Particles are held in
suspension of dilute
electrolyte.
 Drawn through a tiny
orifice with a voltage
applied across it.
 Voltage pulse is
recorded.
 This method relies on:
 light passing through a suspension
 diffraction angles, which is inversely proportional
to particle size.
 consists of a laser with fixed wavelength
 consists of photo-sensitive silicon as discrete
detector
 Two golden rules of sampling:
 The powder should be in motion when sampled
 The whole of the moving stream should be taken
for many short time increments.

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