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Key Systems Concepts

The key elements that define a system include its purpose, interrelated components within a boundary, and an external environment. A system has a clearly defined purpose and consists of interdependent sub-systems or parts. It also has a boundary that separates the system from its changing environment. Systems interact with their environment at interfaces and convert inputs to outputs through processing to fulfill their purpose.

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M Budi Yahman
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38 views

Key Systems Concepts

The key elements that define a system include its purpose, interrelated components within a boundary, and an external environment. A system has a clearly defined purpose and consists of interdependent sub-systems or parts. It also has a boundary that separates the system from its changing environment. Systems interact with their environment at interfaces and convert inputs to outputs through processing to fulfill their purpose.

Uploaded by

M Budi Yahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Key Systems Concepts

Examples of systems:
• Natural systems: river system, solar
system, respiratory system, nervous
system
• Artificial/ man-made systems: an
organisation, legal system, education
system, information system
Key Elements of a System
Key Elements of a System
• In systems theory, a system is distinguished by the
following elements:
• Purpose: A system must have a clearly defined
purpose or goal or function that defines what the
system is supposed to do.
• Interrelated and interdependent components or sub-
systems within a system boundary, outside of which is
an external environment that is constantly changing and
impacting on the system.
Key Elements of a System
• System boundary: The boundary of a system, the line
that divides the systems from its environment. Inside the
boundary are system components/sub-systems. Outside
the boundary is the system environment.
• System environment: Any element that lies outside the
system boundary and interacts in some way with the
system. Environments are generally in a state of flux or
constant change, which in turn impacts on the system.
Key Elements of a System
• Interfaces: Points of contact where a
system meets its environment or where
sub-systems meet each other.
• Component/ subsystem: An irreducible
part or aggregation of parts that make up a
system. Subsystems can be regarded as
systems in their own right.
• Interrelated components: Dependence
of one sub-system on other sub-system(s).
Key Elements of a System
• Other system elements:
• Input: Whatever a system takes from the
environment in order to fulfil its purpose.
• Output: Whatever a system returns to its
environment in order to fulfil its purpose.
• Processing: Converting or transforming input into
output.
• Monitoring: to ensure the system is meeting its goal.
Key Elements of a System
• Other system elements:
• Feedback: Output used to make
changes to input or processing activities.
• Constraints: A defined limit to what a
system can accomplish (or unchangeable
conditions with which the system must
cope).

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