Scribd
Upload
49 views

Writing Chemical Formulas

The document discusses how to write chemical formulas for molecular and ionic compounds. It explains that molecular formulas show the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule, while formula units show the ratio of ions in an ionic compound. It outlines how to determine the charge on ions using the periodic table and defines monatomic and polyatomic ions. The document provides examples of how to write formulas and names for binary and ternary ionic compounds as well as binary molecular compounds.

Uploaded by

Anonymous oRKH63NMR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
49 views

Writing Chemical Formulas

The document discusses how to write chemical formulas for molecular and ionic compounds. It explains that molecular formulas show the types and numbers of atoms in a molecule, while formula units show the ratio of ions in an ionic compound. It outlines how to determine the charge on ions using the periodic table and defines monatomic and polyatomic ions. The document provides examples of how to write formulas and names for binary and ternary ionic compounds as well as binary molecular compounds.

Uploaded by

Anonymous oRKH63NMR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Writing Chemical Formulas

By Ndwandwe Phila 147815

1
Objectives
 Distinguish between molecular and ionic compounds
 Contrast molecular formulas and formula units
 Use the periodic table to determine the charge on an ion
 Define monatomic and polyatomic ion and name the charges of
common polyatomic ions
 Write the formulas and names for binary and ternary ionic compounds
 Write formulas and names for molecular compounds

2
Chemical Bonding

 Atoms – same number of protons (+) and


electrons (-); electrically neutral
 Ions – atoms w/ a (+) or (-) charge; have
lost or gained electrons (e-)
* Cations: (+) charge; has lost e-; metals
* Anions: (-) charge; has gained e-;
nonmetals
3
Chemical Bonding
 Types of Compounds
A. Molecular – atoms
bonded together by shared
pairs of e- (covalent bonds);
formed between nonmetals
ex: C6H12O6

B. Ionic – ions attracted


to each other by opposite
charges; formed between a
metal and a nonmetal
ex: NaCl 4
Chemical Bonding

Compound Molecular Ionic

Smallest unit Molecule Formula unit

Types of Nonmetals Metal cations


elements Nonmetal anions
Physical state @ Solid, gas, or Solid
room. temp. liquid

Boiling point High, >300oC Low, <300oC


5
Chemical Bonding
Chemical Formulas – show the type and
number of atoms in smallest unit of
substance
 Molecular Formula – type and number of
atoms joined to form a molecule
ex: C2H5OH
 Formula Unit – smallest ratio of ions in an
ionic compound
ex: CaF2
Representing Chemical Compounds

Law of Definite Proportions – in any sample of a


compound, the elements are always combined in the
same proportions
ex: H2O and H2O2
H2O – water – H:O ratio always 2:1
H2O2 – hydrogen peroxide – H:O ratio always 1:1

7
Identifying Ionic Charges

 Group A elements – use the periodic table to


determine ionic charge
* elements in same group have
same ionic charge
* Group 4A and Noble gases –
almost never form ions
 Group B elements – many have more than one
ionic charge
8
Naming Cations and Anions

Monatomic Ions
 Ions formed by one element
 Cations
* for Group A elements – just write
element’s name
ex: calcium ion (Ca2+) = calcium
* for Group B elements – write element’s
name, then Roman numerals in
parentheses to denote charge
ex: Fe2+ = Iron (II) and Fe3+ = Iron (III)
 Anions – drop the end of the element’s name &
add “–ide” ending
9
ex: chlorine ion (Cl1-) = chloride
Naming Cations and Anions

Polyatomic Ions
 Ions formed by more than one type of element
 Atoms of different elements held together by
covalent bonds
 Atoms always stay together and collectively
have a single charge
 Do not always have “-ide” ending
ex: NH41- = ammonium ion
CO32- = carbonate ion

Learn names, formulas, and charges of


polyatomic ions! 10
Naming Cations and Anions

 Potassium ion  Nitrite ion


 Copper (II) ion  Hydroxide ion
 Chloride ion  Phosphate ion
 Oxide ion  SO42-
 Ba2+  CrO42-
 S2-  ClO32-
 Au3+
11
Binary Ionic Compounds
 Compounds composed of 2 different monatomic
elements
 To write binary formulas – write cation first, then
anion
*criss-cross charges to determine how
many of each ion you need
*use subscripts to denote number of ions
ex: Ca2+ + Cl1- CaCl2

Na1+ + Cl1- NaCl


 To name binary compounds – write name of cation
first, then anion (-ide)
ex: CaCl2 = calcium chloride 12
Li2O = lithium oxide
Ternary Ionic Compounds
 Compounds containing at least one polyatomic ion; at least 3
different elements
 To write ternary formulas: write cation first, then anion
*criss-cross charges to determine how
many of each ion you need
*use subscripts to denote number of ions
*must use parentheses around polyatomic if more than one is
needed!!!
ex: Na1+ + SO32- Na2SO3
Mg2+ + OH1- Mg(OH)2 [not same as MgOH2]
 To name ternary compounds: write name of cation, then name of
anion (not all end in “-ide”)
**be careful with transition metals (more than one charge)**
ex: CaCO3 = calcium carbonate
PbSO4 = lead (II) sulfate 13

Ag2CrO4 = silver chromate


Binary Molecular Compounds

 Two nonmetals joined by covalent bonds


 Use prefixes for naming
1 = mono- 6 = hexa-
2 = di- 7 = hepta-
3 = tri- 8 = octa-
4 = tetra- 9 = nona-
5 = penta- 10 = deca-

14
Binary Molecular Compounds

 To name binary molecular compounds:


*first element gets a prefix if there is more than one
*second element ALWAYS gets prefix, and “-ide” ending
ex: N2O3 = dinitrogen trioxide
CO = carbon monoxide (not monocarbon)
 If element begins with vowel and prefix ends in “a” or “o”, then drop
last vowel on prefix to form the name
ex: Cl2O7 = dichlorine heptoxide (not heptaoxide)

15
The End
Thank You

16

You might also like