Vehicle Tracking Using

GPS & GSM

Submitted by:

Pranav Bhide (0801CS151055)

Burhanuddin Chakkiwala (0801CS151021)
Rahul Uikey (0801CS151059)
Rupal Awasthi (0801CS151064)
Mohanish Mankar (0801CS151044)
 Introduction
● We can not keep our eyes on our vehicles all the time . The
increasing theft has caused us to be more alert and conscious
about them so a guided GPS system can do the job for us.
● If unfortunately our vehicle got into an accident it take a lot of
time for the news to get to our family but with the accident
detection monitor an sms can be send almost instantly
● We cannot remember when to do our vehicle servicing leading
to excessive emission of carbon monoxide into the environment
but with pollution monitoring we can alert the owner to do
servicing
 Function
● Locate the vehicle at any given time with the
help of GPS navigation.
● Detect the accident and alert the owner by
sending message
● Detect the Carbon monoxide content and alert
if it reaches above threshold
 Arduino (ATmega328)

● Arduino is an Italian company that sells circuit boards

with micro controllers on it. They call these circuit
boards Arduino.
● In layman’s terms, an Arduino board takes input in the
form of signals, processes them, and gives an output.
● Different Arduino contains varying amounts of flash
memory, pins and features.
● Arduino provides official IDE to upload programs on
an Arduino board.
Arduino (contd.)
 Pin Structure
● The Arduino Uno contains 6 Analog IO pins and 14 Digital IO
pins.
● Out of those 14 Digital pins, 6 can be used Pulse Width
Modulation or PWM.
● Pulse Width Modulation is used to change the intensity of
output signal like dimming the intensity of an LED bulb.
Functional block diagram
Main Circuit Diagram
 Carbon Monoxide sensor (MQ7)
● The allowed emission value of
CO gas according to Bharat
Stage Emission Standard is 6
ppm.
● Hence, our system is set to
sound the buzzer if the emission
from vehicle goes above 6 ppm.
● The sensor’s output is analog
resistance.
 Tilt Sensor
● A sensor is a device that responds to some type of the
input from the environment such as
● heat, light, motion, temperature, pressure and moisture.
● Every sensor has three terminals: Vcc, GND and output.
Vcc is used to power up the sensor and ground is used to
provide a fixed negative reference.
● The output of the sensor is analog
● A tilt sensor is an instrument that is used for measuring
the tilt in multiple axes of a reference plane. Tilt sensors
measure the tilting position with reference to gravity and
are used in numerous applications.
 Working
The tilt sensor functions like a liquid
potentiometer. The electrically conductive
fluid creates a variable resistance between
the electrodes. When the sensor is in the
null or balanced position, the resistances
between the centre electrode to each
outside electrode are equal. Tilting the
sensor from its balanced position changes
the two resistances producing an electrical
output proportional to the tilted angle

Figure shows one axis of a fluid-filled sensor tipped at ~15°. As the sensor tilts, the surface of the
fluid remains level due to gravity. The fluid is electrically conductive, and the conductivity between
the two electrodes is proportional to the length of electrode immersed in the fluid. At the angle
shown, for example, the conductivity between pins a and b would be greater than that between b
and c. Electrically, the sensor is similar to a potentiometer, with resistance changing in proportion
to tilt angle
The electrolytic tilt sensor(level) can be energized
in a number of ways depending on the
applications and performance required. Typically,
there are two ways to energize and read the level.
One way to energize the level is the use of a
bridge type circuit as shown in figure 3. This
configuration allows for the adjustment of the
bridge resistors to match the internal impedance
of the level. It must be noted that the electrolyte's
impedance will change with temperature. The
impedance is inversely proportional to
temperature. This can cause readings to change
with temperature when the level is in an
unbalanced position. Therefore, temperature
compensation is required in an uncontrolled
environment.
 Benefits and application
The key benefits of tilt sensors include:

● Compact and simple to use

● High resolution and accuracy
● Very cost-effective
● Low power consumption

Application

● To monitor the angle at which a mobile phone or tablet is held for the auto-rotate
function
● To detect the position of hand-held game systems and in game controllers

To indicate the roll of boats, vehicles and aircraft

GPS(Global positioning system)

● GPS is a space-based satellite navigation

system. It provides location and time
information in all weather conditions, anywhere
on or near the Earth.
● GPS receivers are popularly used for navigation,
positioning.
● The GPS consists of 24 satellites that orbit
around the earth in 6 different orbit as shown in
fig.1-1 These satellites are geosynchronous
with an orbital period that is the same as the
Earth’s rotation period.
● They maintain exactly the same position with
respect to the earth below them.
How it works?

● National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA), is a

standard data format supported by all GPS
manufacturers, much like ASCII is the standard for
digital computer characters in the computer world.
● All the GPS satellites transmit radio signals, which are
then captured by a GPS receiver and used to calculate
its geographical position.
 Why we use GPS ?

To find the location of the vehicle by using latitude and

longitude data.

Features of the GPS :

● 24 satellites in 6 different orbits.
● For a 2D location, 3 GPS satellites are used.
● For a 3D location more than 3 satellites are used.
● A minimum of three satellites are required to
compute the latitude and longitude.
● GPS receiver converts the received signals into
position and estimates time and some other useful
information depending on the application and
requirements.
 GSM(Global System for Mobile)

● A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which

accepts a SIM card, and operates over a subscription to a
mobile operator, just like mobile phone.
● It uses a process called circuit switching.
● GSM method of communication allows a path to be
established between two devices, Once the two devices
are connected , a constant stream of digital data is relayed.
 SIM800A GSM Modem

● The SIM800A modem has a SIM800 A GSM chip and

RS232 interface while enables easy connection with the
computer or laptop using the USB to serial connector or to
the microcontroller using the RS232 to TTL converter.
● The SIM800A - GSM/GPRS is a quad-band that works on
frequencies GSM 850MHz ,EGSM 900 MHz, DCS
1800MHz and PCS 1900 MHz .
● It is designed for the global market .
GSM Modem - RS232 - SIM800A
SIM800A Specifications

● Quad band GSM module.

● Voltage Supply Required : 9V dc to 12 Vdc with atleast 2A
Peak Current Capability.
● Switching Regulator Based Power Supply
● TTL Rx and TTL Tx and DB9 Based Rs232 Outputs.
● External finger type antenna.
SIM800A Features
● Typical power consumption in SLEEP mode is 1 mA.
● Dimensions 23x23x3 mm.
● Operating Temperature : -40 to 85 C.
● TCP/IP AT firmware.
● One SIM card interface .
● Audio channels which include a microphone input and
receiver output.
 Operating Mode : SMS text mode and SMS
PDUmode

The SMS specification has defined two modes in which a

GSM/GPRS modem or mobile phone can operate. They are
called SMS text mode and SMS PDU mode. (PDU stands for
Protocol Data Unit.) The mode that a GSM/GPRS modem or
mobile phone is operating in determines the syntax of some
SMS AT commands and the format of the responses returned
after execution.
Below are the SMS AT commands affected:

● +CMGS (Send Message)

● +CMSS (Send Message from Storage)

● +CMGR (Read Message)

● +CMGL (List Messages)

● +CMGC (Send Command)

Syntax of SMS AT Commands and Responses
When the GSM/GPRS modem or mobile phone is operating in different modes,

the syntax of certain SMS AT commands and the responses returned after

command execution is different. Here's an example for illustration. Let's say you

would like to send the SMS message "It is easy to send text messages." to the

mobile phone number +919424xxxxxx. In SMS text mode, this is the command

line that you should enter:

AT+CMGS="+919424xxxxxx"<CR>It is easy to send text

messages.<Ctrl+z>