Discovering Computers 2016

Tools, Apps, Devices, and the Impact of Technology

Chapter 6
Computing
Components
Objectives Overview

Identify characteristics of
Describe the various Describe multi-core
various personal computer
computer and mobile processors, the components
processors on the market
device cases and the of a processor, and the four
today, and describe the
contents they protect steps in a machine cycle
ways processors are cooled

Explain how program and

Define a bit, and describe
Explain the advantages and application instructions
how a series of bits
services of cloud computing transfer in and out of
represents data
memory

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for Detailed Objectives in whole or in part.
Objectives Overview

Describe the
Differentiate
purpose of Explain the
among the various
adapter cards and function of a bus
types of memory
USB adapters

Explain the Describe how to

purpose of a care for computers
power supply and and mobile
batteries devices

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for Detailed Objectives in whole or in part.
Inside the Case

• The case contains and protects the electronics of the

computer or mobile device from damage

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Figure 6-1 in whole or in part.
Inside the Case

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Figure 6-2 in whole or in part.
Inside the Case

• The motherboard is the main circuit board of the

computer
– A computer chip contains integrated circuits

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Figure 6-3 in whole or in part.
Processors

• The processor, also called the central processing

unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic
instructions that operate a computer
• A multi-core processor is a single chip with two or
more separate processor cores
• Processors contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic
unit (ALU)

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in whole or in part.
Processors

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Figure 6-4 in whole or in part.
Processors

• The control unit is the component of the

processor that directs and coordinates most of
the operations in the computer
• The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs
arithmetic, comparison, and other operations

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in whole or in part.
Processors

• For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of

four basic operations, which comprise a machine
cycle

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Figure 6-5 in whole or in part.
Processors

The processor contains registers, that

temporarily hold data and instructions

The system clock controls the timing of

all computer operations
• The pace of the system clock is called the clock
speed, and is usually measured in gigahertz (GHz)
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in whole or in part.
Processors

• The leading
manufacturers of
personal computer
processor chips are Intel
and AMD

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Processors

• A processor chip generates heat that could cause

the chip to malfunction or fail
• Require additional cooling
– Heat sinks
– Liquid cooling technology
– Cooling pads

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Figures 6-6 – 6-7 in whole or in part.
Cloud Computing

• Home and business users choose cloud computing

for a variety of reasons

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in whole or in part.
Data Representation

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in whole or in part.
Data Representation
The circuitry in a computer or mobile Eight bits grouped together as a
device represents the on or the off unit are called a byte. A byte
states electronically by the presence represents a single character in the
or absence of an electronic charge computer or mobile device

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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
Figures 6-8 – 6-9
Data Representation

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Figure 6-10 in whole or in part.
Memory

• Memory consists of electronic components that

store instructions waiting to be executed by the
processor, data needed by those instructions, and
the results of processing the data
• Stores three basic categories of items:

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in whole or in part.
Memory

• Each location in memory has an address

• Memory size commonly is measured in gigabytes
(GB) or terabytes (TB)

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Figure 6-11 in whole or in part.
Memory

• Computers and mobile devices contain two types of

memory:

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in whole or in part.
Memory

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Figure 6-12 in whole or in part.
Memory

• Two common types of RAM exist:

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Table 6-1 in whole or in part.
Memory

• RAM chips usually reside on a memory module

and are inserted into memory slots

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Figure 6-13 in whole or in part.
Memory

• Memory cache speeds the processes of the computer

because it stores frequently used instructions and data

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Figure 6-14 in whole or in part.
Memory

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in whole or in part.
Memory

• Flash memory can be erased electronically and

rewritten
– CMOS technology uses battery power to retain
information when when the power to the computer is
off

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in whole or in part.
Memory

• Access time is the amount of time it takes the

processor to read from memory
– Measured in nanoseconds

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Table 6-2 and Figure 6-15 in whole or in part.
Adapters
• An adapter card enhances
functions of a component of
a desktop or server system
unit and/or provides
connections to peripherals
– Sound card and video card
• An expansion slot is a
socket on a desktop or
server motherboard that
can hold an adapter card

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Table 6-3
Adapters

• With Plug and Play, the computer automatically

can recognize peripheral devices as you install
them

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Figure 6-16 in whole or in part.
Adapters

• A USB adapter enhances functions of a mobile

computer and/or provides connections to
peripheral devices

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Figure 6-17 in whole or in part.
Buses

• A bus allows the various

devices both inside and
attached to the system
unit to communicate with
one another
– Data bus
– Address bus
• Word size is the number
of bits the processor can
interpret and execute at a
given time
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or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
Figure 6-18
Buses

• A computer might have these three types of

buses:

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in whole or in part.
Power Supply and Batteries

• The power supply or laptop AC adapter converts

the wall outlet AC power into DC power

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Figure 6-19 in whole or in part.
Power Supply and Battery

• Mobile computers and devices can run using

either a power supply or batteries
• Batteries typically are rechargeable lithium-ion
batteries

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Figure 6-20 in whole or in part.
Summary

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in whole or in part.
Discovering Computers 2016
Tools, Apps, Devices, and the Impact of Technology

Chapter 6
Computing
Components
Chapter 6 Complete