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L-3 Passing Sight Distance and Superelevation

This document discusses key concepts in geometric highway design including super elevation, sight distance, and stopping sight distance. It defines super elevation as the difference in elevation between the two edges of a road which helps neutralize centrifugal force. It also discusses calculating minimum safe radii based on design speed. The document outlines the factors that determine minimum stopping sight distance including perception-reaction distance and braking distance on both dry and wet pavements. It provides examples of calculating braking distance and minimum stopping sight distance for different speeds and road conditions. Finally, it defines minimum passing sight distance as the distance required for a vehicle to pass another safely and return to the right lane.

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Manik Mia
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79 views16 pages

L-3 Passing Sight Distance and Superelevation

This document discusses key concepts in geometric highway design including super elevation, sight distance, and stopping sight distance. It defines super elevation as the difference in elevation between the two edges of a road which helps neutralize centrifugal force. It also discusses calculating minimum safe radii based on design speed. The document outlines the factors that determine minimum stopping sight distance including perception-reaction distance and braking distance on both dry and wet pavements. It provides examples of calculating braking distance and minimum stopping sight distance for different speeds and road conditions. Finally, it defines minimum passing sight distance as the distance required for a vehicle to pass another safely and return to the right lane.

Uploaded by

Manik Mia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture-3 Geometric design of Highway

Md. Manik Mia


Lecturer
Sonargaon University
Super elevation
Super elevation
Definition:
 It is the difference in elevation between two edges of roads.
 Also known as cant
Purpose:
 To neutralize the effects of centrifugal force.
 To reduce wear and tear of the rails.
 Providing smooth track, improving comfort to passengers.
 Equal distribution of wheel loads.
Calculation of super elevation
Examples on Super elevation:
Find out the minimum safe radius for a highway if

V= 70 mph
e= 0.08 ft
f= 0.10
Sight Distance
 Sight distance is the length of highway visible ahead to the driver of a
vehicle.
 When this distance is not long enough for a vehicle to overtake and
pass another vehicle then it is termed as
Stopping Sight Distance
When this distance is long enough for a vehicle to overtake and pass
another vehicle then it is termed as
Passing Sight Distance
Minimum Stopping Sight Distance
 Sight distance at every point should be as long as possible but never less than
the minimum stopping sight distance.
 The minimum stopping sight distance is the sum of two distances.

1. The distance traveled from the time the object is sighted to


the instant the brakes are applied. It depends on the speed of the vehicle, and
the perception of the operator. ( Perception- Reaction Distance)
2. The distance required for stopping the vehicle after the brakes
are applied. It depends on the speed of the vehicle, condition of brakes,
roadway surface, alignment and grades of the highway. (Braking Distance)

…………………..If you sum these two distances then you will get
stopping sight distance.
( Perception- Reaction Distance)

 It can be understood that a certain amount of time is required for a


driver to perceive and react for applying brakes.
 For design purpose, reaction time of 2.5 sec is recommended.

Distance = 2.5 X Velocity of vehicle( mps)


Braking Distance
For wet pavements, value of f can be found from the
following table:
Design speed, mph Co-efficient of friction, f
20 0.40
25 0.38
30 0.35
35 0.34
40 0.32
45 0.31
50 0.30
55 0.30
60 0.29
65 0.29
70 0.28
Dry and wet pavement scenario:

 Co-efficient of friction is lower in case of wet pavement compared with dry


pavement.
 Therefore the wet condition governs in determining the stopping distance for
road design.
Problem on braking distance
 If a vehicle moves in a speed of 45 mph in a wet pavement what will be
the braking distance? Find out minimum stopping sight distance also.

 If a vehicle moves in a speed of 45 mph in a dry pavement what will be


the braking distance? Find out minimum stopping sight distance also.

………………………Compare the both results


Effect of grade on Stopping Distance
Problems on stopping distance ( grade effect)

If a vehicle moves at a speed of 45 mph on a


0.02% graded road, what will be the stopping
distance if the pavement is dry.

…………………………Remember, the safe stopping distances on


upgrade are shorter and on downgrades are longer than
horizontal stopping distances..
Minimum Passing Sight Distance
 In case of two lanes of traffic moving in opposite directions, to pass
slower-moving vehicles it is necessary to use the lane of opposing
traffic.
 If passing is to be accomplished safely, the vehicle driver must be
able to see enough of the highway ahead in the opposing traffic lane
to have sufficient time to pass and then return to the right traffic lane
safely.

…………………..The total distance required for completing this task is


termed as passing sight distance.
Minimum Passing Sight Distance theme

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