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Polynomial and Matrix Calculations

This document defines and provides examples of various types of polynomials including linear, quadratic, cubic, biquadratic, and zero polynomials. It also defines key polynomial concepts such as variables, constants, exponents, coefficients, and degree. Additionally, it briefly introduces matrices and defines types of matrices including scalar, identity, diagonal, triangular, and symmetric matrices. It provides rules for matrix addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication and matrix multiplication.

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majid jalil
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© © All Rights Reserved
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570 views

Polynomial and Matrix Calculations

This document defines and provides examples of various types of polynomials including linear, quadratic, cubic, biquadratic, and zero polynomials. It also defines key polynomial concepts such as variables, constants, exponents, coefficients, and degree. Additionally, it briefly introduces matrices and defines types of matrices including scalar, identity, diagonal, triangular, and symmetric matrices. It provides rules for matrix addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication and matrix multiplication.

Uploaded by

majid jalil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POLYNOMIAL AND MATRIX .

CALCULATIONS
POLYNOMIAL
A polynomial is a mathematical expression involving a sum of powers in one or more
variables multiplied by coefficients.
A polynomial in one variable with constant coefficient is given by
Example:

anxn+a2x2+a1x+a0
POLYNOMIAL CAN HAVE:

Constants
Variables
Exponents
coefficients
CONSTANT
A constant is a none varying value, i.e. completely fixed or fixed in context of use.
The term usually occur in opposition to variable which is a symbol that stands for a value
that may vary.
Example:
2x2+11y-22=0, here-22 is a constant.
VARIABLE
A variable is a value that may change within the scope of a given problem or set of
operations .
In contrast a constant is a value that remains unchanged, though often unknown or
undetermined.
Example:
10x2+5y=2, here x and y are variable.
EXPONENTS
Exponents are sometime referred to as power and means the number of time the base is
being multiplied.
In the study of algebra the exponents are used frequently.
Example:
exponent

72
COEFFICIENTS
A coefficient is multiplicative factor in some term of an expression .
It is usually a number, but in many case does not involve any variable of an expression
Example:
7x2 -3xy+15+y
Here 7,-3,1 are the coefficients of x2,xy and y respectively.
DEGREE OF POLYNOMIAL
The degree of a polynomial is the highest degree of a term.
The degree of a term is the sum of the powers of each variable in the term.
The word degree has for some decades been favored in standard books.
In some older books the word order is used.
Example:

The polynomial 3-5x+2x5 -7x9 has degree 9.


LINEAR POLYNOMIALS
In a different usage to the above, a polynomial od degree 1 is said to be linear,
Because the graph of a function of that form is a line.
Example:
2x+1
11y+3
QUADRATIC POLYNOMIAL
A quadratic polynomial is a polynomial of degree two, also called second order
polynomial.
That means the exponents of the polynomial’s are no longer than two.
Example:
x2-4x+7 is a quadratic polynomial while
x3-4x+7 is not.
CUBIC POLYNOMIAL
Cubic polynomial is polynomial of having degree of polynomial no more than 3 or highest
degree in the polynomial should be 3 and should not be more or less than 3.
Example:
x3 +11x=9x2 +55
x3 + x2+10x=20
BI-QUADRATIC POLYNOMIAL
Biquadratic polynomial is a polynomial of having degree of polynomial is no more than 4
or highest degree in the polynomial is not more or less than 4.
Example:
4x4 +5x3 –x2 +x-1
9y4 +56x3 -6x2 +9x+2
ZERO POLYNOMIAL
The constant polynomial whose coefficient are all equal to 0.
The corresponding polynomial function is the constant function with value 0, also called
zero map.
The degree of zero polynomial is undefined, but many author set it to -1.
Example:
5x2 -2x2 -3x2 has no degree since it’s a zero polynomial.
TYPES OF POLYNOMIAL:
Monomial:
A polynomial with only one variable is known as monomial.
Example:
4x2 +2x-3
Binomial:
A polynomial with two different variables is known as binomial.
Example:
7x2y2+4xy+32
MATRIX - DEFINITION
CONTD.
TYPES OF MATRICES
TYPES OF MATRICES
TYPES OF MATRICES
TYPES OF MATRICES
TYPES OF MATRICES
TYPES OF MATRICES
EQUALITY OF MATRICES
TRACE OF A MATRIX
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION(CONT.)
SCALAR MULTIPLICATION
RULE OF MATRIX MULTIPLICATION
MATRIX MULTIPLICATION
PROPERTIES OF MATRIX
PROPERTIES OF A MATRIX
TRANSPOSE OF A MATRIX
SYMMETRIC AND SKEW SYMMETRIC

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