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Superposisi

The document discusses the linear property of circuit elements like resistors. It states that linearity is characterized by the properties of homogeneity and additivity. For resistors, Ohm's law demonstrates that resistors are linear elements as voltage and current have a direct proportional relationship. The document also introduces the superposition theorem, which allows the analysis of linear circuits containing independent sources by solving each source independently and then combining the results through algebraic summation.

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Nicholas Anthony
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59 views21 pages

Superposisi

The document discusses the linear property of circuit elements like resistors. It states that linearity is characterized by the properties of homogeneity and additivity. For resistors, Ohm's law demonstrates that resistors are linear elements as voltage and current have a direct proportional relationship. The document also introduces the superposition theorem, which allows the analysis of linear circuits containing independent sources by solving each source independently and then combining the results through algebraic summation.

Uploaded by

Nicholas Anthony
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linier Circuit

Linier Property
Linearity is the property of an element describing a linear relationship
between cause and effect. Although the property applies to many circuit
elements, we shall limit its applicability to resistors in this chapter. The
property is a combination of both the homogeneity (scaling) property and
the additivity property.

The homogeneity property requires that if the input (also called the
excitation) is multiplied by a constant, then the output (also called the
response) is multiplied by the same constant.
For a resistor, for example, Ohm’s law relates the input i to the output v

If the current is increased by a constant k, then the voltage increases


correspondingly by k

The additivity property requires that the response to a sum of inputs


is the sum of the responses to each input applied separately. Using the
voltage-current relationship of a resistor

then applying (i1+ i2)


We say that a resistor is a linear element because the voltage-current
relationship satisfies both the homogeneity and the additivity properties.

In general, a circuit is linear if it is both additive and homogeneous.

A linear circuit consists of only linear elements, linear dependent sources,


and independent sources.
The linear circuit has no independent
sources inside it. It is excited by a voltage
source v , which serves as the input. The
circuit is terminated by a load R.

take the current i through R as the output. Suppose vs = 10 V gives i = 2 A.


According to the linearity principle, vs = 1 V will give i = 0.2 A.

By the same token, i = 1 mA must be due to vs = 5mV

POP QUIZ
TEOREMA SUPERPOSISI
• Teorema ini hanya berlaku untuk rangkaian
yang bersifat linier, dimana persamaan yang
muncul akan terpenuhi jika y = kx, dengan
k=konstanta, dan x=vaiabel.
Dalam setiap rangkaian linier dengan beberapa buah
sumber tegangan atau sumber arus, perhitungannya
dapat dilakukan dengan cara :

“ Menjumlahkan secara aljabar tegangan atau arus


yang disebabkan oleh tiap sumber bebas yang
bekerja sendiri, dg semua sumber tegangan atau
arus bebas lainnya yang diganti dengan hambatan
dalamnya”

“Atau dengan kata lain, sumber tegangan di short


circuit dan sumber arus di open circuit”
TEOREMA SUPERPOSISI SUMBER BEBAS

• Jika terdapat n buah sumber bebas maka terdapat


n buah keadaan yang dihasilkan pada saat masing-
masing sumber bebas tersebut aktif.

Perhatikan pemecahan masalah pada rangkaian


dibawah ini.
1. Carilah nilai arus I23 yang mengalir pada R = 23
Ohm menggunakan teorema superposisi?
• Langkah pertama :
Cari nilai I23 pada saat sumber tegangan aktif
dan sumber arus off (di open circuit). Seperti
gambar dibawah ini
• Cari nilai R ekivalen pada rangkaian diatas:

• Carilah arus total IT pada rangkaian diatas:

• Untuk mencari I23 , pakai cara pembagi arus


yaitu :
• Langkah kedua :
Cari nilai I23 pada saat sumber arus aktif dan
sumber tegangan off (short circuit). Seperti
gambar dibawah ini
Cari nilai R ekivalen pada sebelah kiri sumber
arus :

Kemudian, untuk mencari I23 menggunakan


pembagi arus :

Jadi total arus yang melewati R = 23 Ohm


adalah:
TEOREMA SUPERPOSISI SUMBER TAK BEBAS

• Jika terdapat sumber tak bebas, maka


penjumlahan aljabar sumber yang aktif adalah
sejumlah sumber bebasnya.
• Atau jika terdapat n buah sumber bebas dan
terdapat minimal satu sumber tak bebas, maka
teorema superposisinya adalah dengan
menjumlahkan keadaan masing-masing sumber
bebasnya.
• Perhatikan pemecahan soal dibawah ini
1. Carilah nilai arus i yang mengalir melewati
resistor 2 Ohm dengan teorema superposisi?
Jawab :
• Langkah pertama :
Cari nilai i saat sumber arus 8 A aktif dan
sumber arus 4 A mati (open circuit).
Untuk mencari I dengan pembagi arus :
3
i (3i  8)
3 2
3
i  (3i  8)
5
5i  9i  24
24
i   6A
4
• Langkah kedua :
Cari nilai i saat sumber arus 4 A aktif dan
sumber arus 8 A mati (open circuit).
Cari nilai i dengan pembagi arus
3
i  (3i  4)
5
5i  9i 12
 12
i  3 A
4
Jadi arus yang mengalir melewati R=2 Ohm
adalah:

i  i'i' '  6  3  3A
Tugas Individu :

Carilah nilai tegangan V pada R= 1 Ohm dengan


menggunakan superposisi?

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