REGIONAL PLANNING

IMPLEMENTATION OF REGIONAL PLANS SEMESTER-7

BY- AR. SONU RAI

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN URBAN PLANNING AND
REGIONAL PLANNING
• Regional Planning and Urban Planning differ in their distances or scales involved.

• Regional planning deals with relatively large geographical areas and it follows
naturally the planning of regions and is concerned with very huge land coverage
• Urban Planning, is of the smaller or intermediate scale, between Regional Planning
and Architecture
Aspects of regional planning

preliminary aspects of regional planning may constitute the following:

1. Sustainability - Sustainability leads to balance in Regional Development which implies efficient use of available resources
and opportunities for development in all parts of the region

2. Environment – Some of the major environmental concerns that can be addressed by regional planning approach are the
following: i. Control of pollution specially water pollution, use and maintenance of the water courses. ii. Maintenance of
green cover, forests and eco fragile areas.

3. . Disaster Management – The impact of natural disasters is exaggerated by unscientific plus unplanned development.
Regional development should promote efficient response and preparedness to disasters such as floods, landslides, land
subsistence, fire and earthquake
Promoting Balanced Development – Imbalanced development of the country due to
missing regional planning approach to bring development in urban-rural settlements
simultaneously has led to lop-sided development in favour of urban settlements
the three main resources for planning and development of urban and regional centres

• Land,
• finance
• and manpower

• the government has been normally considered as the sole source for finance and owner
ship . Recent years role of private partnership has been duly recognized.
Land As a resource

land is required for development of essential infrastructure and for urbanization, while at the same time ther
e is also a need to protect land under environmentally sensitive zones and land which provides ecosystem
services.

Farmers’ livelihood options and food security issues make it imperative to protect land for agriculture.

Further, the need to preserve natural, cultural and historical areas requires land protection. It is, ther
efore, most essential to ensure that utilization of the available land is judicious and in the best interest
of the community through the instrument of Development Plans.
Land Economics

Land value depends on demand and supply of land. The value increases as the demand exceeds the
supply, which is the general case, owing to limited supply of land against it growing demand in the wake of urb
an growth and development

The land acquisition Act-

Act has provided for fair compensation to those whose land is acquired permanently or temporarily, whi
le bringing in enhanced transparency to the process of acquisition of land.
For speeding up the implementation of regional plans the following should be adopted-

i. Simplification of preparation of plan: making provisions in the Development Plans for detailing only the focused
key sectors and preparation in a limited time to one year, as suggested by TCPO

ii. Simplification in the implementation of plan: the plans to be easily understandable & acceptable, minimizing
conflicting recommendations within a plan, provision for translation of plans and related documents into vernacular
languages

iii. Simplification in data gathering: user-friendly GIS and remote sensing data to be sourced for simplifying the
process for plan formulation by developing a spatial data base useful for planning, decision making and
implementation decision

iv. Simplification of approval/schemes: improving the approval process by developing citizens charter, approval
mechanism for the change in landuse permissions and by developing
PLANNING
SCENARIO
Planning practices in the country indicates that planning
objectives, policies and strategies at national level are
basically formalised in the Five Year Plans which are
economic and social in nature
According to Item 20 of Seventh Schedule of the
Constitution of India the Concurrent List in the,
social and economic planning is a joint responsibility of
the Central and State governments.
However, land being a State subject, the role of the
State Government becomes more pronounced in the
implementation process.
 PROCESS OF URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING

• Preparation of State Perspective Plan

• District Development Plan / Metropolitan
Region Development Plan

• Master Plan
• Schemes / Annual Plans
CONTENTS OF PERSPECTIVE
PLAN
• Eco sensitive zones of the state
• Boundaries of all the urban and rural
settlements of the state
• Mapping of transport and communication
networks
• Mapping of natural features
• Industrial, mining and related area
• Disaster Zoning
CONTENTS OF REGIONAL
PLAN
• Physical setting, settlement pattern
• Infrastructure resources
• Transport
• Environment and sustainability
• Regional Policy and development strategy
• Regional Land use
• Disaster Management Plan
• Implementation Strategies and Management
Structure
INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES
Planning function is a continuous process and the
Planning Department’s work continues from:
plan preparation to plan processing, plan enforcement,
plan implementation, plan detailing, plan review and
then plan formulation and so on.

The plan formulation, implementation, monitoring and

review exercises must be statutorily prescribed in the
State Acts and completed within the specified time-
frame and schedule.

In the context of these requirements institutional set-

up has a vital role.
AMENDMENT TO THE ACT
• The Karnataka Town & Country Planning Act,
1961 needs to be revamped as per the 74th
Constitutional Amendment as the Karnataka
Urban and Regional Planning Act.
• The Model Urban and Regional Planning Act
prepared by TCPO may be the basis for bringing
amendment to the State Town Planning Act
INSTITUTIONS IN THE RESTRUCTURED PLANNING
PROCESS

• State Urban and Regional Planning Board

• Metropolitan Development Committees
• District Development Committees
• Urban Local Bodies
NEED OF A RENEWED PLANNING SYSTEM:
MAJOR ISSUES

• Urban development issues specially in newly formed states and backward

• areas
• Need for planning system uniformity in the country
• Problems in planning practices and requirement of coordinated working
between Departments/Authorities
• Issues in implementation of plans and projects by the States/ UT’s in legal,
funding and decision making aspects,
• Issues related to promoting rapid urbanisation and climate change
NEED OF A RENEWED PLANNING
SYSTEM MAJOR ISSUES

• Lack of focus on economic aspects of plan implementation / budgeting while

preparing land use development plans etc.

• Need for inclusive Planning, people participation and planning for the urban
poor,

• Integration of Peri-urban areas in the planning process,

• SEZ’s or industrial development’s impact on spatial and urban development
especially when their location is near to large cities.

• CRZ policy and Coastal management in case of coastal cities.

• Special issues in urban development in hill states.

• Provisions for Affordable housing

ISSUES IN IMPLEMENTATION /
ENFORCEMENT OF MASTER PLAN
• The present proposals of Master plans are land-use oriented
and lack integration across sectors. i.e. Land use with
transportation , infrastructure, ecology & environmental
issues and socio-economic needs
• Heritage planning is ignored due to lack of funds by the
Authority

• Strict enforcement mechanism to curtail unauthorized

developments
STAGES INVOLVED IN IMPLEMENTATION OF
REGIONAL PLANS
• After Pre planning phase
1. Preparation
2. Reconnaissance
3. Main field study
4. Additional field study (optional) unpredictable
5. Preparation draft plan
6. Editing final report
The pre-planning phase

The pre-planning stage, which precedes the actual planning exercise, is the
concern of the national government.
A governmental decision to adopt regional planning as development policy
will be a first step in this stage. This will be followed by a survey to
select one or more suitable regions. The selection will be based on such
criteria as a high development potential, the need to create employment in
a region or to open it up for settlement, or a lag in development compared
with other parts of the country.

The government decide

The government must then decide whether one or more national agencies will
be assigned the tasks of executing and supervising the planning exercise,
whether foreign expertise will be called in, and whether requests will be
made under multilateral or bilateral cooperative programs
How a Regional Planning Commission is composed depends on the prevailing
government policy and on existing government organisations. Possible members
of the Commission are: representative(s) of the national planning authority, government
departments,. and of important regional
sectors; local leaders; etc.

If it is decided to entrust an independent engineering bureau (national or

foreign) with the planning exercise, it is common practice to invite several
such bureau to submit tenders. The final choice of bureau will be decided
by the quality of the tender If it is decided to entrust an independent engineering bureau
(national or
foreign) with the planning exercise, it is common practice to invite several
such bureau to submit tenders. The final choice of bureau will be decided
by the quality of the tender
Stage 1. Preparation- During Stage 1 the team members appointed by the relevant agency or planning board
will come together for the first time, and will make all preparatory arrangements needed to fulfil their tasks.

A number of meetings will be held under the chairmanship of the team leader: to present an extensive
briefing on the objectives of study; to instigate a literature search; to define the composition of the team

Stage-2 Reconnaissance(inception report)-about the meteorological, hydrographic, or geographic

characteristics of a particular area. “field visits are made to obtain a clear picture of the region, its
population, main activities, infrastructure, and its problems. During these visits possible assistance (in staff and
materials) to be provided by the regional and local authorities should be arranged.

Inception Report is the first interim report; it summarizes the information collected, during the reconnaissance.
This relatively short report contains no details but concentrates on the main ideas for development
Stage-3 Main field study -emphasis is on field work. All remaining data considered essential for the regional
planning exercise must now be collected through 'observations, inquiries, and systematic surveys by all disciplines.

In the beginning the surveys may be executed by each discipline individually; later the findings will have to be
combined and verified with those obtained by other disciplines. Care should be taken that duplication of the work
of team members is-avoided and that information, as far as possible, is collected at a common level of detail.

Stage -4 Additional Field Study (optional) Depending on the decisions made in Step 3.4, additional field surveys
may or may not be necessary. As the nature and volume of such studies can vary widely, it is not possible to
specify how they should be organized.

Stage 5. Preparation of the Draft Plan Stage 5 can be regarded as the climax to the planning exercise. To a
large extent, it reiterates the planning activities executed in Stages 2 and 3, but goes into greater depth and
detail to refine the formulation and evaluation of identified projects and programs
stage 6. Editing the Final Report Once the' Draft Final Report has been approved, the Find Report must be edited
and printed. This work can, for the greater part, be handled by the team leader and some key members.