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Retinal Detachment

Retinal detachment occurs when the retina separates from the back of the eye. There are three main types: rhegmatogenous, tractional, and exudative. Rhegmatogenous is most common and occurs when a tear or hole in the retina allows fluid to enter and detach the retina. Tractional retinal detachment is caused by fibrous membranes pulling on the retina. Exudative detachment disturbs the blood-retinal barrier. Treatment options include pneumatic retinopexy using a gas bubble, scleral buckle surgery using a silicone band, or vitrectomy surgery to remove the vitreous gel. Regular eye exams and protective eyewear are important for prevention.

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Candice Lim Swee Ling
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190 views

Retinal Detachment

Retinal detachment occurs when the retina separates from the back of the eye. There are three main types: rhegmatogenous, tractional, and exudative. Rhegmatogenous is most common and occurs when a tear or hole in the retina allows fluid to enter and detach the retina. Tractional retinal detachment is caused by fibrous membranes pulling on the retina. Exudative detachment disturbs the blood-retinal barrier. Treatment options include pneumatic retinopexy using a gas bubble, scleral buckle surgery using a silicone band, or vitrectomy surgery to remove the vitreous gel. Regular eye exams and protective eyewear are important for prevention.

Uploaded by

Candice Lim Swee Ling
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Retinal Detachment

Retinal Detachment
 It is a separation of a retina from the choroid in the back of
the eye - a hole in the retina
Resulting in vitreous humour to leak between the choroid
and the retina
Hence, the detached retina will not work properly & there
will be a blind spot in vision
Total blindness may occur if not treated
Retinal Detachment
 There are 3 basic types:

1. Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment


2. Tractional Retinal Detachment
3. Exudative Retinal Detachment
Rhegmatogenous Retinal
Detachment
 Most common type of retinal detachment.
 occurs when there is a break (tear or hole) in the retina allowing fluid
from the vitreous humor to enter the potential space beneath the retina.
 Causes the retina to separate from the layer beneath, known as the
retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).
 This type of retinal detachment represents an emergency, and surgery
is typically scheduled urgently
 Mostly associated with a posterior vitreous separation. (shrinkage of
the vitreous humor of the eye causing it to separates from the retina.)
Tractional Retinal Detachment
 Occurs when fibrous membranes in the vitreous humour
and retina produce mechanical traction on the retina -
pulls the retina from underlying layer

 This is most common in advanced stages of diabetic


retinopathy
Exudative Retinal detachment
 It occurs with conditions that disturb the blood-retinal
barrier
 Other conditions such as tumors of the eye, congenital
abnormalities and nanophthalmos ( extremely small eye) .
 Inflammatory conditions such as Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada
syndrome, collagen-vascular diseases, and posterior
scleritis are often implicated.
Causes
A hard solid blow to the eye or face
Very high levels of nearsightedness (Extremely nearsighted people have
longer eyeballs with thinner retinas that are more prone to detaching)
Cataract( Clouding of the natural lens ) surgery
Shrinkage of vitreous body
(The vitreous is firmly attached to the retina in several places around the back
wall of the eye. As the vitreous shrinks, it may pull a piece of the retina away
from it, leaving a hole in the retina.)
Tumors
Eye diseases
Systemic diseases such as diabetes, sickle cell disease
Inflammation of the interior of the eye
Signs & Symptoms
 Sudden appearance of a large number of spots floating
loosely in the eye
 Floaters (thick strands or clumps of solid vitreous gel)
often appear as dark specks, globs, strings or dots
 Flashing of lights as the eye is moved.
 shadow coming down from the top of the eye or across
from the side and is growing in size
 Your vision might become blurry.
Treatments
There are 3 types of treatment:

1. Pneumatic Retinopexy
2. Scleral Buckle
3. Vitrectomy
Pneumatic
Retinopexy
A gas bubble is injected
into the vitreous space
inside the eye. The gas
bubble pushes the retinal
tear closed against the
back wall of the eye.
Scleral Buckle
 Firstly, retinal tears or holes are
treated with cryopexy
 A tiny silicone band (scleral
buckle) is then attached to the
sclera to counteract the force
pulling the retina out of place.
 It is the most common surgery for
repairing retinal detachment.
 Fluids are drain from the detached
retina from the eye, then pulling
the retinal to its normal position
against the back wall of the eye.
Vitrectomy
The vitreous gel, which is
pulling on the retina, is
removed from the eye and
usually replaced with a gas
bubble.Your body's own
fluids will gradually
replace the gas bubble.
Sometimes vitrectomy is
combined with a scleral
buckle.
Prevention
 Always wear protective eyewear or goggles when:
 Participating in contact sports
 Participating in activities that involve flying objects
 Participating in any other potentially dangerous activity where the eye
can get injured
If you have diabetes, try to maintain:
Blood sugar levels as normal as possible
A steady blood pressure, avoiding large swings between highs and
lows
Have regular eye exams, at least once a year

Contact an eye doctor immediately if you have:


An eye injury
Any symptoms of retinal detachment
END
Thanks for the patience!(:

By Candice (03), Liying (14),Tasya (19), Si Jia (22)

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