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DC Machines: Saikrishna Dasari Dept. of EEE Pvkkit

The speed of the armature is 787.4 rpm.

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sai krishna
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92 views38 pages

DC Machines: Saikrishna Dasari Dept. of EEE Pvkkit

The speed of the armature is 787.4 rpm.

Uploaded by

sai krishna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DC Machines

By
Saikrishna Dasari
Dept. of EEE
PVKKIT
• Where do we get Electricity?

•Transformers on the street ends

• Where do the transformer get the supply ?

•Substation
• Where do the substation gets the supply ?
• Power station
Review (Contd...)

• What generates Electrical Energy


?

•Generator

• A Generator converts Mechanical energy to Electrical energy

Generator

Mechanical Electrical
Energy Energy
• What are the basic requirements to produce EMF ?

• Conductor

• Magnetic Field

• Relative Speed
How EMF is Induced ?

• When ever a conductor cuts the Magnetic field an EMF is induced in it


( According to Faradays 1st law of Electro magnetic induction )

What are the types of Induced EMF ?

• Dynamically Induced EMF


• Self Induced EMF

What do you mean by the word Dynamics ?

• Dynamics is related to motion


Dynamically Induced EMF

• Emf is induced when the flux


linking a conductor changes

• In dynamically induced emf , the


conductor moves in a stationary
magnetic field (or vice versa)
• The emf is induced in the
conductor when it is in motion
Poles

Conductor

Field

Fig. 1. Dynamically Induced EMF


D.C Generator

Fig.1
LOAD
Principle of working of D.C Generator

Principle: Based on Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic


induction. That is,

• When ever a conductor cuts magnetic flux the dynamically


induced emf is produced according to Faradays laws of electro
magnetic induction

• In generator, the rate of change of flux linkages is due to


rotation of the conductor. That means emf generated is
dynamically EMF
Working of D.C Generator

• A coil ABCD is rotated clock


wise between two magnetic A

poles N and S B
C

• Due to cutting of magnetic flux D


lines emf is induced in the coil 0°
which is alternating
LOAD
Working of D.C Generator (Contd…)

• The alternating emf is converted


to d.c by means of split rings (or
A
commutator)
B
C

• This emf causes current to flow


if the conductor circuit is closed. D

(is shown in Fig.1)

LOAD
DC Generator working:
Construction of a DC Machine

1.Pole
2.Armature
3.Yoke
4.Commutator
5.Brushes
Armature Winding
There are two types of windings
Lap winding Wave winding
• A=P • A=2
• The armature • Used in high
windings are voltage low
divided into current output.
no. of sections • Requires 2
equal to the no brushes
of poles
EMF Equation of a DC Generator
Let
 = Flux per pole in webers
Z =Total number of armature conductors
N = Armature rotation in rpm
P = No of poles
A = No of parallel paths
Eg = EMF induced in any one of the parallel paths of armature
EMF Equation of a DC Generator (Contd..)

Average EMF generated per conductor, = d / dt

Flux cut per conductor in one revolution d, = P webers

No. of revolutions per second = N/60

Time for one revolution ,dt = 60/N


EMF Equation of a DC Generator (Contd..)

Rate of change of flux linkage = d / dt


= Flux cut per conductor/sec

d / dt = (P/60) / N = (PN) / 60 volts

EMF generated per conductor = (PN) / 60 volts


EMF Equation of a DC Generator (Contd..)

EMF generated for Z conductors = ( PNZ ) / 60 Volts

No. of parallel paths =A

For lap winding, A= P

For wave winding, A = 2

Total EMF generated / path, Eg = (NZP) / (60*A) Volts


Problem 1

Calculate the EMF generated in a 6 pole lap wound armature


having 36 slots and 24 conductors per slot, when the shaft is
driven at 1000 rpm. The flux per pole is 0.016 Wb
Given data,
No of poles, P=6
No. of Parallel paths, A=P=6
No. of armature conductors, Z = 36*24
Armature Speed, N = 1000rpm
Flux per pole, Φ = 0.016Wb
ZN P
Eg = ×
60 A

Eg = ΦZN (A=P)
60

0.016×(36  24)  1000


Eg = = 230.4V
60
Problem 2

A 4 pole DC Generator having a wave wound armature has 51


slots with each slot containing 20 conductors. Find the EMF
generated when the machine is driven at 1500 rpm assuming
flux per pole to be 7.0mWb
Given data,
P=4
Z = 51x20 = 1020
N = 1500 rpm
Φ = 7.0mWb = 7x10-3 Wb
A = 2 (wave wound)

ZN P
EMF generated, Eg = ×
60 A

70  103 ×1020 1500  4


Eg = = 357V
60  2
Classification of DC Generator

•Separately excited DC machine


•Self excited DC machine
 Shunt wound DC generator
 Series wound DC generator
 Compound wound
Separately excited DC machine

In this type of machine, the field of the


machine is excited by an independent
external source. This source can be a
battery, rectifier circuit or a D.C.
generator
Separately excited DC machine
V be the field excitation voltage
Rf be the field resistance.
If be the field current
Eg be the generated e.m.f.
in the armature
Ra be the armature resistance
Ia be the armature current
IL be the load current
VL be the load voltage
Series Wound DC Generator
In this type of
machine the field
winding is
connected in
series with the
armature
winding of a DC
generator
Series Wound DC Generator
In this type of machine, since the field
winding carry the full armature
current, the field winding has less
number of turns of wire of large cross
sectional area. From the machine
circuit shown,
Shunt Wound DC Generator
In this type of
machine, the
field winding is
connected in
parallel with the
armature
winding.
Shunt Wound DC Generator
Compound Wound DC Generator
In this type of DC machine the poles are
having two separate windings. That is
for a compound wound DC machine
there are two field windings, namely,
the shunt field winding and the series
field winding.
Compound Wound DC Generator
Depending upon how these two
windings are connected with the
armature of the DC machine, they are
classified as,
•Long shunt compound DC machine.
•Short shunt compound DC machine.
Compound Wound DC Generator

Long shunt Short shunt


Problem 1

A 4 pole lap wound D.C shunt Generator has 36 slots and 18

conductors per slot. It supplies a load of 100A and 250V. The

armature and shunt field resistances are 0.05Ω and 100Ω


respectively. The flux per pole is 0.03 Wb. Calculate the speed
of armature
Given data,
No of poles, P=4
No. of Parallel plates, A=P=4
No. of armature conductors, Z = 36*18
Load current, IL = 100A
Load voltage, V = 250V
Armature winding resistance, Ra= 0.05Ω
Shunt field winding resistance, Rsh= 100Ω
Flux per pole, Ø = 0.03Wb
Is IL=100 A
h`

Ia
Rsh=100Ω V=250volts

Ra = 0.05Ω
Ish = V/Rsh = 250/100 = 2.5A
Ia = IL + Ish = 100+2.5 = 102.5A
Eg = V + IaRa = 250+(102.5*0.05) = 255.12V
ZN P
Eg = ×
60 A
Eg ×60× A Eg ×60
N = = (Lap = A = P)
ΦZ×P Φ×Z
60× 225.125
= = 787.4rpm
0.03×36×18

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