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American Public University System: COLL 100 Foundations of Online Learning

APA format uses parenthetical citations for a direct quote. A paraphrase is rewording the idea of the original passage 2 it is not rearranging the author s words. Quotation marks (or a block quote) are necessary.

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Cheryl Morris Walder
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71 views

American Public University System: COLL 100 Foundations of Online Learning

APA format uses parenthetical citations for a direct quote. A paraphrase is rewording the idea of the original passage 2 it is not rearranging the author s words. Quotation marks (or a block quote) are necessary.

Uploaded by

Cheryl Morris Walder
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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American Public University System

AmericanMilitaryUniversity AmericanPublicUniversity

PLAGIARISM
COLL 100 Foundations of
Online Learning
Provided by School of Arts and Humanities, American Public University System (Dec. 2009)
What is Plagiarism?

 An act of fraud.

The most frequently observed form of academic dishonesty.

An incorporation of another’s ideas without proper


attribution of the source.

Literary theft.
What are Some Examples
of Plagiarism?

 Submitting the work of another as your own.

Changing or rearranging the words from a source without


giving credit to the original author(s).

Providing incorrect information about a source.

Not using quotations marks for word for word quotes or


copying passages containing over 40 words without the
use of a block quote.
Avoid Plagiarism

 Cite to give credit for ideas or words that are not your own.

When using the exact words of an author use quotation marks


or block quotations to highlight the words of the original
author.

Do not submit work that is not your own.

Do not rearrange the words of others without giving proper


credit to the original author.
Quoting and Paraphrasing
What is the Difference?

Here is a quick guide to the difference between a paraphrase (no quotation marks)
and a quote (quotation marks or block quote needed):

A direct quote is taking a key phrase, or two or more words in order,


from an outside source. quotation marks (or a block quote) are
necessary.

A paraphrase is rewording the idea of the original passage – it is not


rearranging the author’s words. quotation marks are not necessary.

Rearranging, changing, or leaving out a word or two from an original


passage does not make it a paraphrase – the entire passage must be
reworded.
Parenthetical Citations

APA format uses parenthetical citations. References to sources are made directly in the body of the text using
parentheses.

The parenthetical citation for a direct quote includes the author, year of publication, and the page or paragraph
number where the direct quote can be found.

Example:
Lashway (1996), describes an education strategy as “a pattern of behavior designed to gain the cooperation of
followers in accomplishing organizational goals” (para. 5).

The parenthetical citations for paraphrasing only includes the author and the year of publication. Paraphrasing
does not require a page or paragraph number.

Example:
In order to accomplish goals in an educational setting ,cooperation from employees is vital (Lashway, 1996).
Tips for Honest Writing

Read a passage, and then write your


interpretation of it with the book or text
closed. do not attempt to paraphrase with
the passage right in front of you if you
feel unsure about how to do it.

When in doubt, just take the sentence and


cite it as a direct quote using exact words.
To Cite or Not to Cite

Cite any copyrighted material

Cite any work from another author

Cite previously published works even if the work is your own

Cite exact words spoken in an interview

It is not necessary to cite known facts. for example: President


Obama was sworn into office in January, 2009.

It is not necessary to cite information found in the public domain.


Types of Quotes

Short quotes (fewer than 40


words)

Block quotes (40 or more words)


Short Quotes

Short quotes (under 40 words) are incorporated into the text and enclosed in quotation marks in two ways.

Example 1:

As Quindlen (2000) expressed, “each time I look at my diploma, I remember that I am still a student, still learning everyday how to
be human” (p. 20).

Example 2:

“Each time I look at my diploma, I remember that Iam still a student, still learning everyday how to be human” (Quindlen, 2000, p.
20).

Note: For some electronic sources a page number may not be provided. Use the paragraph the abbreviation para. instead of using
page (p.). Review example three on this slide.

Example 3:

Lashway (1996), describes an education strategy as “a pattern of behavior designed to gain the cooperation of followers in
accomplishing organizational goals” (para. 5).
Block Quotes

Block quotes (more than 40 words) are written in a freestanding


block of text and do not need quotation marks.

Begin the block quote on a new line and indent the block five
spaces or ½ inch from the left margin, such as what you would do
when indenting a paragraph.

Double space the entire quotation.


Example for a
Block Quote

Quindlen (2000) summarizes her philosophy on life as follows:

Get a life in which you are not alone. Find people you love, and who love you. And

remember that love is not leisure, it is work. Each time I look at my diploma, I remember

that I am still a student, still learning everyday how to be human. (p. 20)

Note: For some electronic sources a page number may not be provided. Use the

paragraph abbreviation para. instead of using page (p.).


Quoting Modification:
Ellipses

Use ellipses (…) when you omit a part of a direct quote in order to highlight
a main point or to reduce a passage.

Example:
During the observation, Jones (2006) noted that “the three-year old, a
talkative boy, was quick to initiate a conversation…he was bilingual and
did not experience any difficulty switching between languages” (p. 109).

Note: For some electronic sources a page number may not be provided. Use
the paragraph the abbreviation para. instead of using page (p.).
Quoting Modification:
Brackets

Use brackets [ ] around a word when you want to indicate that the word in brackets is a substitute for several words which
express the same meaning.

Examples:

During the observation, Jones (2006) noted that “the three-year old, a talkative boy, was quick to initiate a conversation…he

was bilingual and did not experience any difficulty switching between languages” (p. 109).

During the observation, Jones (2006) noted that “the three-year old, a talkative boy, was quick to [speak] … he was bilingual

and did not experience any difficulty switching between languages” (p. 109).

Note: For some electronic sources a page number may not be provided. use the paragraph the abbreviation para. instead of
using page (p.).
Copyright Laws

Copyright laws protect original ideas because they are considered intellectual
property.

Intellectual property includes forms such as, music, videos, photographs,


magazine articles, paintings, illustrations, electronic sources, and a variety of
other sources.
Copyright Laws

All published works are not necessarily copyrighted.

Examples of non-copyrighted material which may be used without


having to cite include:

Public Compilations (i.e. - phone book)

U.S. Government Published Works

Works in the Public Domain (works that have


expired Copyright Protection)
Please Note

Do not list a reference for which you do not have a citation in the body
of the paper.

Similarly, do not include a citation without a corresponding reference.

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