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EMFT

This document appears to be a presentation on fundamentals of electromagnetic field theory. It covers topics like vector analysis, vector operations in rectangular and cylindrical coordinate systems, differential elements, line integrals, surface integrals, volume integrals, del operator, gradient and divergence of scalar fields, curl of vectors, Gauss's divergence theorem, Stokes' theorem, and Laplacian of scalars. The presentation is broken into multiple sections and includes examples to illustrate various concepts.

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Anshul Bhutani
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0% found this document useful (1 vote)
349 views

EMFT

This document appears to be a presentation on fundamentals of electromagnetic field theory. It covers topics like vector analysis, vector operations in rectangular and cylindrical coordinate systems, differential elements, line integrals, surface integrals, volume integrals, del operator, gradient and divergence of scalar fields, curl of vectors, Gauss's divergence theorem, Stokes' theorem, and Laplacian of scalars. The presentation is broken into multiple sections and includes examples to illustrate various concepts.

Uploaded by

Anshul Bhutani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 59

A

Presentation
on

By
Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Fiel
SAMEER ANAND

d Theory Assistant Professor(EN Deptt.)


IMSEC, Ghaziabad (U.P.)

1-1
Part 1:

Vector Analysis
Vector Addition

Associative Law:

Distributive Law:

1-3
Rectangular Coordinate System

1-4
Point Locations in Rectangular Coordina
tes

1-5
Differential Volume Element

1-6
Summary

1-7
Orthogonal Vector Components

1-8
Orthogonal Unit Vectors

1-9
Vector Representation in Terms of Orthogona
l Rectangular Components

1-10
Summary

1-11
Vector Expressions in Rectangular Coor
dinates

General Vector, B:

Magnitude of B:

Unit Vector in the


Direction of B:

1-12
Example

1-13
Vector Field

We are accustomed to thinking of a specific vector:

A vector field is a function defined in space that has magnitude


and direction at all points:

where r = (x,y,z)

1-14
The Dot Product

Commutative Law:

1-15
Vector Projections Using the Dot Product

B • a gives the component of B (B • a) a gives the vector component


in the horizontal direction of B in the horizontal direction

1-16
Projection of a vector on another vector
Operational Use of the Dot Product

Given

Find

where we have used:

Note also:

1-18
Cross Product

1-19
Operational Definition of the Cross Product in Recta
ngular Coordinates

Begin with:

where
Therefore:

Or…

1-20
Vector Product or Cross Product
Cylindrical Coordinate Systems

1-22
Cylindrical Coordinate Systems

1-23
Cylindrical Coordinate Systems

1-24
Cylindrical Coordinate Systems

1-25
Differential Volume in Cylindrical Coordinate
s

dV = dddz
1-26
Point Transformations in Cylindrical Coordin
ates

1-27
Dot Products of Unit Vectors in Cylindrical and Rect
angular Coordinate Systems

1-28
Example
Transform the vector, into cylindrical coordinates:

Start with:

Then:

1-29
Example: cont.

Finally:
Spherical Coordinates

1-31
Spherical Coordinates

1-32
Spherical Coordinates

1-33
Spherical Coordinates

1-34
Spherical Coordinates

1-35
Spherical Coordinates

Point P has coordinates


Specified by P(r)

1-36
Differential Volume in Spherical Coordinates

dV = r2sindrdd

1-37
Dot Products of Unit Vectors in the Spherical
and Rectangular Coordinate Systems

1-38
Example: Vector Component Transformation
Transform the field, , into spherical coordinates and components

1-39
Constant coordinate surfaces-
Cartesian system
 If we keep one of the coordinate v
ariables constant and allow the
other two to vary, constant coordin
ate surfaces are generated in rectan
gular, cylindrical and spherical coor
dinate systems.
 We can have infinite planes:
X=constant,
Y=constant,
Z=constant
 These surfaces are perpendicular to x, y and z axes respectively.
1-40
Constant coordinate surfaces-
cylindrical system
 Orthogonal surfaces in cylindrical coordin
ate system can be generated as
ρ=constnt
Φ=constant
z=constant
 ρ=constant is a circular cylinder,
 Φ=constant is a semi infinite plane with it
s edge along z axis
 z=constant is an infinite plane as in the
rectangular system.

1-41
Constant coordinate surfaces-
Spherical system
 Orthogonal surfaces in spherical c
oordinate system can be generated
as
r=constant
θ=constant
Φ=constant

 r=constant is a sphere with its centre at the origin,


 θ =constant is a circular cone with z axis as its axis and origin at t
he vertex,

 Φ =constant is a semi infinite plane as in the cylindrical system.


1-42
Differential elements in rectangular
coordinate systems

1-43
Differential elements in Cylindrical
coordinate systems

1-44
Differential elements in Spherical
coordinate systems

1-45
Line integrals

 Line integral is defined as any integral that is to be evaluated alon


g a line. A line indicates a path along a curve in space.

1-46
Surface integrals

1-47
Volume integrals

1-48
DEL Operator

 DEL Operator in cylindrical coordinates:

 DEL Operator in spherical coordinates:

1-49
Gradient of a scalar field
 The gradient of a scalar field V is a vector that represents the
magnitude and direction of the maximum space rate of increase of V.
 For Cartesian Coordinates

 For Cylindrical Coordinates

 For Spherical Coordinates

1-50
Divergence of a vector

 In Cartesian Coordinates:

 In Cylindrical Coordinates:

 In Spherical Coordinates:
1-51
Gauss’s Divergence theorem

1-52
Curl of a vector

1-53
Curl of a vector
 In Cartesian Coordinates:

 In Cylindrical Coordinates:

 In Spherical Coordinates:

1-54
Stoke’s theorem

1-56
Laplacian of a scalar

1-57
Laplacian of a scalar

1-58
THANKS

1-59

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