Introduction to UMTS Optimization

Mobile Comm Professionals,Inc

 Module Objective MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

At the end of the module the participant will be able to understand:

• Optimization overview and its basic need.

• Call setup diagram.
• Provide knowledge and skills to optimise UMTS networks.
• Principles of 3G network optimizations.

2
Content MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

• Optimization Overview
• Physical Layer Processing Overview
• WCDMA Measurement Overview
• Principles of 3G network Optimizations
 Single Site Optimization

 RF Optimization

 Parameters Optimization

 Network Monitoring
 Optimization Overview (1/3) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Optimize a network is to tune its design and configuration parameters to meet its
predefined target performance. Network optimization can be either before commercial
launch or after. When it is before, it is called “Initial Tuning”.

Optimization Process is divided in to two part:

• Pre-Launch Optimization.

• Post-Launch Optimization.
Physical Layer Processing
Overview
WCDMA Radio Interface Channels MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

UE

Node B
RNC

Logical channel

Transport channel

Physical channel
 Channel Mapping In DL MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

LOGICAL CHANNEL TRANSPORT CHANNEL PHYSICAL CHANNEL

P-SCH
BCCH
BCH S-SCH
CPICH
PCCH
PCH PCCPCH
SCCPCH
CCCH
FACH PICH
AICH
DCCH
HS-DSCH HS-PDSCH
HS-SCCH
CTCH
DCH DPDCH
DPCCH
DTCH
 Channel Mapping In UL MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

LOGICAL CHANNEL TRANSPORT CHANNEL PHYSICAL CHANNEL

CCCH PRACH

RACH DPDCH

DCCH
DCH DPCCH

HS-
E-DCH
DPCCH
DTCH
E-DPDCH

E-DPCCH
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

RRC STATES
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
RRC Modes
 RRC Modes MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

CELL_DCH CELL_FACH
• DCCH and – if configured –
DTCH • DCCH and – if configured –
• Dedicate physical channel DTCH
in use • FACH used for higher layer
• UE location known on data transfer,
active set cell level • UE monitors FACH
• UE responsible for permanently
measurement reporting • Uplink transmission on
• Cell system information on RACH
BCCH • UE location known on
• RRC messages on DCCH serving cell level
• UE performs cell re-
selection
CELL_PCH and URA_PCH
• no DCCH and DTCH • UE responsible for
measurement reporting
• Before uplink transmission  UE moves to CELL_FACH
• UE must be paged • Cell system information on
• RRC messages on BCCH and PCCH
BCCH
• In CELL_PCH • RRC messages on BCCH,
- UE location known on cell level CCCH and DCCH
- UE performs cell re-selection and cell updates
• In CELL URA
- UE location known on URA level
- UE performs cell re-selection and URA updates
 Call Flow MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

RRC Connection Signaling between RNC RAB

and CN Establishment

Conversation/
Data Transfer

RRC Release RAB Release Signaling

Release
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

CS CALL FLOW
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (CS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Procedure Overview
In this Procedure the UE is attached to the Network in Idle mode. The call setup is
Mobile Originated (mo).

The following steps need to be executed in order for a mo call to complete;

• RRC Connection Setup

• Service Request
• Security Procedures (Identity / Authentication / Security mode)
• Call Setup Request
• Radio Link and RAB Configuration
• Call Connection
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (CS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Message (1): Connection Request

Procedure Overview
Type: UE Node B RNC MSC
RRC
RRC Connection Request
[1]
Channels: (RACH)

CCCH / RACH

Main IE’s:
1. Initial UE ID
Establishment Cause
Initial UE capability

UTRAN Status
NB

UE
MSC

RNC

15
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
UE Initiated Call Set-up (CS)

Messages (2): Radio Link Set-up Request / Response

Procedure Overview
Type: UE Node B RNC MSC
NBAP
RRC Connection Request
Main IE’s:
(RACH)
NBAP
1. Cell ID, TFS / TFCS [1]
RL setup Req.
Frequency,
UL Scrambling Code NBAP
RL setup Resp.
[2]
DL Channelization Code
Power Control Info
2. Transport Layer Address Sig.
Link termination
DL Channelization Code
DCH Binding ID

UTRAN Status
NB

UE
MSC

RNC
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (CS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Messages (3): Establish Request (ERQ) / Confirm (ECF)

Procedure Overview
Type: UE Node B RNC MSC
ALCAP
RRC Connection Request
Main IE’s:
(RACH)
NBAP
Destination address, DSAI, ALC, RL setup Req.
CEID, OSAI, SUGR, SSISU
NBAP
RL setup Resp.

ALCAP ERQ
[1]
ALCAP ECF
[2]

UTRAN Status
NB

UE
MSC

RNC
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (CS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Messages (4): DCH-FP DL / UL Synchronisation

Procedure Overview
Type: UE Node B RNC MSC
DCH-FP
RRC Connection Request
Main IE’s:
(RACH)
NBAP
RL setup Req.
NBAP
RL setup Resp.
ALCAP ERQ

ALCAP ECF

FP DL Synchronisation
[1]
FP UL Synchronisation
[2]

UTRAN Status
NB

UE
MSC

RNC
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (CS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Messages (5): Connection Set-up / Complete

Procedure Overview
Type:
UE Node B RNC MSC
RRC
RRC Connection Request
Channels:
(RACH)
1. FACH NBAP
RL setup Req.
2. DCCH NBAP
RL setup Resp.
Main IE’s: ALCAP ERQ
1. Initial UE ID, RNTI, CapUpReq, TFS,
TFCS, frequ, ALCAP ECF
DL Scram + Chann codes, Power
control info. FP DL Synchronisation
2. UE Capability, Ciphering, Integrity
info FP UL Synchronisation

RRC Conn. Setup

[1]
(FACH)
UTRAN Status RRC Conn. Setup Comp
[2]
(DCCH)
NB

UE
MSC

RNC
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (CS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Messages (6): Initial Direct Transfer + Initial UE message

Procedure Overview
Type: UE Node B RNC MSC
1. RRC
2. RANAP RRC Connection Setup

Channel: RRC Initial D T RANAP Initial UE

(CM Service Req.)
(CM Service Request.) [1] [2]
DCCH (SCCP Con Req.)

Main IE’s:

UTRAN Status
NB

UE
MSC

RNC
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (CS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Messages (7): Connection Confirm + CM Service Accept

Procedure Overview
Type: UE Node B RNC MSC
1. SCCP / RANAP DT
2. RRC DL DT RRC Connection Setup
3. RANAP DT RRC Initial DT RANAP Initial UE
(CM Service Req.)
4. RRC DL DT (CM Service Request)
(SCCP Con Req.)

Channel: SCCP Conn Conf

[1]

DCCH RANAP DT
(CM Service Acc) [2]
RRC DL DT
Main IE’s: [3] (CM Service Acc)

UTRAN Status
MSC

NB

UE
RNC
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (CS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Messages (8): Authentication + Security Mode Commands

Procedure Overview
Type: UE Node B RNC MSC
1. RANAP
2. RRC RRC Connection Setup
3. RRC RRC Initial DT RANAP Initial UE
(CM Service Req.)
(CM Service Request)
4. RANAP (SCCP Con Req.)

Channel: SCCP Conn Conf

DCCH RANAP DT
RRC DL DT (CM Service Acc)
Main IE’s: (CM Service Acc)
Authentication

[2] RANAP
RRC Security Mode Command
[1]
Security Mode Command
RRC
UTRAN Status [3] Security Mode Complete RANAP
[4]
Security Mode Complete
MSC

NB

UE
RNC
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (CS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Messages (9): Common ID

Procedure Overview
Type: UE Node B RNC MSC
1. RANAP

Main IE’s: RRC Connection Setup

1. Permanent NAS ID RRC Initial DT RANAP Initial UE

(CM Service Req.)
(CM Service Request)
(SCCP Con Req.)

SCCP Conn Conf

RANAP DT
RRC DL DT (OPT) (CM Service Acc)
(CM Service Acc)
Authentication

RANAP
RRC Security Mode Command
Security Mode Command
RRC
UTRAN Status Security Mode Complete RANAP
Security Mode Complete
MSC

NB

UE
RNC

RANAP [1]
Common ID
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (CS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Messages (11): RAB Assignment Request + Iucs ALCAP Setup

Procedure Overview
Type: UE Node B RNC MSC
1. RANAP
2. ALCAP RRC Connection Setup
3. ALCAP Service Request / Authentication / Security

Main IE’s: RRC UL DT

(Call Setup) RANAP DT
1. RAB Param, NAS Bind Info, User
(Call Setup)
Plane Mode, Transport Add, IU
Transport Association RANAP DT
RRC DL DT
(Call Proceeding)
2. CEID, Destination address, (Call Proceeding)
DSAID, OSAID RANAP
RAB Assignment Req.
[1]
3. CEID, Destination address,
DSAID, OSAID ALCAP
ERQ
[2]

ALCAP
ECF
[3]
UTRAN Status
NB

UE
MSC

RNC
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (CS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Messages (12): RL Reconfigure Prepare / Ready

Procedure Overview
Type: UE Node B RNC MSC
1. NBAP
2. NBAP RRC Connection Setup

Main IE’s: Service Request / Authentication / Security

1. TFS ; TFCS; power control

RRC UL DT
info, Transaction ID RANAP DT
(Call Setup)
2. Transaction ID, DL Chan (Call Setup)
code, Transport Layer addr. RANAP DT
RRC DL DT
(Call Proceeding)
(Call Proceeding)
RANAP
RAB Assignment Req.
ALCAP
ERQ
ALCAP
NBAP ECF
[1]
UTRAN Status RL Reconfigure Prepare
NB

UE
MSC

RNC

NBAP
[2]
RL Reconfigure Ready
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (CS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Messages (13): RAB - Iub Establish Request / Confirm

Procedure Overview
Type: UE Node B RNC MSC
1. ALCAP
2. ALCAP Continued from NBAP RL
Reconfigure Procedure
Main IE’s:
1. CEID, Destination address, ALCAP
DSAID, OSAID ERQ [1]

2. CEID, Destination address, ALCAP

ECF
[2]
DSAID, OSAID

UTRAN Status
UE
MSC

NB
RNC
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (CS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Messages (14): RAB - Iucs Establish Request / Confirm

Procedure Overview
Type: UE Node B RNC MSC
1. ALCAP
2. ALCAP Continued from NBAP RL
Reconfigure Procedure
Main IE’s:
1. CEID, Destination address, ALCAP
DSAID, OSAID ERQ

2. CEID, Destination address, ALCAP

DSAID, OSAID ECF

NBAP [1]
RL Reconfigure Commit

UTRAN Status
NB

UE
MSC

RNC
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (CS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Messages (15): RAB - Radio Bearer Setup / Complete

Procedure Overview
Type: UE Node B RNC MSC
1. RRC
2. RRC Continued from NBAP RL
Reconfigure Procedure
Channel
DCCH ALCAP
ERQ

Main IE’s: ALCAP

ECF
NBAP
RL Reconfigure Commit

RRC Radio Bearer Setup

(DCCH) [1]

RRC RB Setup Comp

(DCCH) [2]

UTRAN Status
NB

UE
MSC

RNC
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (CS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Messages (16): RAB Assignment Response

Procedure Overview
Type: UE Node B RNC MSC
1. RANAP
2. IUUP Continued from NBAP RL
Reconfigure Procedure
Main IE’s:
ALCAP
ERQ
ALCAP
ECF
NBAP
RL Reconfigure Commit

RRC Radio Bearer Setup

(DCCH)

RRC RB Setup Comp

(DCCH)

RANAP [1]
UTRAN Status RAB Assignment Resp
NB

UE
MSC

RNC

IUUP
[2]
Initialisation
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (CS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Messages (17): Call Connect

Procedure Overview
Type: UE Node B RNC MSC
1. RANAP DT
2. RRC DT RRC Connection Setup

Channel Service Request / Authentication / Security

DCCH Call Setup Request and RAB Assignment

Main IE’s: RRC DL DT

RANAP DT
[1]
(Alerting)
(Alerting) [2]

UTRAN Status
NB

UE
MSC

RNC
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (CS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Messages (18): Connect / Connect Acknowledge

Procedure Overview
Type: UE Node B RNC MSC
1. RANAP DT
2. RRC DL DT RRC Connection Setup
3. RRC UL DT Service Request / Authentication / Security
4. RANAP DT
Call Setup Request and RAB Assignment
Channel RANAP DT
RRC DL DT (Alerting)
DCCH / DCH (Alerting)

RANAP DT
Main IE’s: RRC DL DT (CC: Connect)
[1]
(CC: Connect) [2]
RRC UL DT
(CC: Connect Ack) [3] RANAP DT
(CC: Connect Ack)
[4]

UTRAN Status
NB

UE
MSC

RNC

Call Connected
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

PS CALL FLOW
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Procedure Overview.

At the start of this Procedure the UE is RRC Idle, PMM Detached and SM
Inactive. The call setup is Mobile Originated (mo).
The following steps need to be executed in order for a mo call to
complete;

• Establish an RRC connection to the UTRAN

• Establish an Iu connection to the CN
• Make an Attach Request
• Carry out Security Procedures
• Complete the Attach
• Request PDP context activation
• Set-up RAB’s for the connection
• Create GTP connections and activate PDP Context at the GGSN
• Data Transfer
 UE Initiated CALL Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Check Point One

UE Detached – No PDP Contexts
PDN

UE Node B RNC SGSN GGSN

UE State: RRC Idle PMM Detached SM Inactive

Connections: Signalling :- None User :- None
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

RRC Connection Set-Up: RRC: RRC Connection Request

Procedure Overview
Description: UE Node B RNC SGSN
This message is sent from by the
UE in order to establish an RRC
connection. Once RRC RRC Connection Request
[1]
connected the UE can use the
signalling connection to carry (RACH)
out the necessary mobility
procedures for Call set-up.

Main IE’s:
1. Initial UE ID
Establishment Cause
Initial UE capability
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS)

RRC Connection Set-Up: NBAP: Radio Link Set-up Request / Response
Procedure Overview
Description: UE Node B RNC SGSN
On reception of the RRC
Connection Request the RNC
initiates its set-up by requesting RRC Connection Request
the Node B to configure a Radio
(RACH)
Link. The Node B sets-up the RL setup Request
Requested Link (DCCH) and [1]
returns a set-up response RL setup Response
[2]
indicating the Link configuration
and the Binding ID.

Main IE’s:
1. Cell ID, TFS / TFCS
Frequency,
UL Scrambling Code
DL Channelisation Code
Power Control Info
2. Transport Layer Address Sig. Link
termination
DL Channelisation Code
DCH Binding ID
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS)

RRC Connection Set-Up: ALCAP: Establish Request / Confirm
Procedure Overview
Description: UE Node B RNC SGSN
Once the Radio Link has been
configured in the Node B, the
RNC sets-up an AAL2 bearer to RRC Connection Request
carry it. This is done using the
(RACH) RL setup Request
services of ALCAP. The RNC
sends a Establish Request to the
Node B, providing details of the RL setup Response
bearer configuration and the
Link identifiers. It also includes ALCAP ERQ
[1]
the Binding ID for the Radio Link
that the Node B created. The ALCAP ECF
[2]
Node B responds with a
Establish confirm indicating the
Originating and terminating
references

Main IE’s:
1. Destination address, DSAI,
ALC, CEID, OSAI, SUGR, SSISU
2. DSAID, OSAID
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

RRC Connection Set-Up: FP: DL / UL Synchronisation

Procedure Overview
Description: UE Node B RNC SGSN
Before use the new DCCH needs to
be synchronised. This
procedure allows the RNC to RRC Connection Request
calculate and adjust for timing
(RACH) RL setup Request
delays in the DL direction. The
Framing Protocol DL
Synchronisation message is sent RL setup Response
to the Node B indicating the
ALCAP ERQ
target frame number.
The Node B measures the time of ALCAP ECF
arrival of the indicated frame
(wrt ToAWE) and returns this FP DL Synchronisation
[1]
value in an UL synchronisation
message. FP UL Synchronisation
[2]

Main IE’s:
1. CFN
2. CFN, ToA
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Procedure Overview
RRC Connection Set-Up: RRC: Connection Set-up / Complete

Description: UE Node B RNC SGSN

Once the UTRAN resources are
configured the RNC can instruct
the UE to set-up the RRC RRC Connection Request
connection and move from
RACH / FACH to DCCH. This is (RACH) RL setup Request
done via a RRC Connection Set-
up message sent on the FACH. RL setup Response
The UE responds with a set-up ALCAP ERQ
complete on the new DCCH.
ALCAP ECF
Main IE’s: FP DL Synchronisation
1. Initial UE ID, RNTI, CapUpReq,
TFS, FP UL Synchronisation
TFCS, frequ,
DL Scram + Chann codes, Power RRC Conn. Setup
[1]
control info. (FACH)
RRC Conn. Setup Comp
2. UE Capability, Ciphering, [2]
(DCCH)
Integrity info
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Check Point Two

UE Detached – No PDP Contexts – RRC Connected
PDN

UE Node B RNC SGSN GGSN

RRC Connection (DCCH)

UE State: RRC Connected PMM Detached SM Inactive

Connections: Signalling :- RRC User :- None
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

PMM Attach : RRC: Initial Direct Transfer + RANAP: Initial UE message

Procedure Overview
Description: UE Node B RNC SGSN
At this point the UE is RRC
connected in Cell_DCH and
RRC Connection Setup
can make its first NAS
request. In this case it
sends a PMM Attach RRC Initial D T RANAP Initial UE
(PMM Attach Request)
Request (with follow on (PMM Attach Request) [1] [2]
set), which is transported (SCCP Con Req.)
via RRC and RANAP Initial
DT messages.

Main IE’s:
1. Msg Type, CN Domain ID, NAS
message
2.. LAI, SAI, RAC, Sig. Conn. ID, RNC
ID, NAS -PDU
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

PMM Attach : PMM: Attach Request

Procedure Overview
Description: UE Node B RNC SGSN
The NAS message carried by RRC
and RANAP DT contains the UE
RRC Connection Setup
Attach Request. This message
identifies the UE to the CN and
provides details of its Network RRC Initial D T RANAP Initial UE
(PMM Attach Request)
and Radio Capabilities. (PMM Attach Request) [1] [2]
(SCCP Con Req.)
Main IE’s:
1. UE Network Capability, UE
Radio Capability, P-TMSI and
RAI, Attach Type with follow on
bit set. P-TMSI Signature
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

PMM Attach : SCCP: Connection Confirm

Procedure Overview
Description: UE Node B RNC SGSN
Main IE’s:
RRC Connection Setup

RRC Initial DT RANAP Initial UE

(PMM Attach Request)
(PMM Attach Request)
(SCCP Con Req.)
SCCP Connection Conf [1]
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

PMM Attach : RANAP / RRC: Authentication + Security Mode

Procedure Overview
Description: UE Node B RNC SGSN
For First Call Authentication may
not be done. Manual
RRC Connection Setup
configuration of the VLR, USIM
may be done instead. The
Security mode procedure is only RRC Initial DT RANAP Initial UE
(PMM Attach Request)
partially supported, the (PMM Attach Request)
messages will be exchanged (SCCP Con Req.)
between the different NE’s , but SCCP Connection Conf
No Ciphering or Integrity
checking will be done. Authentication

RANAP
Main IE’s: [2]
RRC Security Mode Command
[1]
Security Mode Command
1. RAND, AUTH RRC
[3] Security Mode Complete RANAP
2. RES [4]
Security Mode Complete
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Procedure Overview
PMM Attach : RANAP: Common ID

Description: UE Node B RNC SGSN

This RANAP message is sent to the
RNC from the CN in order to
RRC Connection Setup
establish a common unique
reference to the UE.
RRC Initial DT RANAP Initial UE
(PMM Attach Request)
Main IE’s: (PMM Attach Request)
(SCCP Con Req.)
1. IMSI SCCP Connection Conf
Authentication

RANAP
RRC Security Mode Command
Security Mode Command
RRC
Security Mode Complete RANAP
Security Mode Complete

RANAP Common ID [1]

 UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

PMM Attach : PMM: Attach Accept

Procedure Overview
Description: UE Node B RNC SGSN
Once the Iu connection has been
established and the UE
RRC Connection Setup
successfully authenticated then
the CN sends an Attach Accept
to the UE. This message may RRC Initial DT RANAP Initial UE
(PMM Attach Request)
include the allocation of a new (PMM Attach Request)
P-TMSI. (SCCP Con Req.)
SCCP Connection Conf
Main IE’s: Authentication
1. Attach Result, RAI,
RANAP
P-TMSI RRC Security Mode Command
Security Mode Command
RRC
Security Mode Complete RANAP
Security Mode Complete

RANAP Common ID
RANAP DT
RRC DL DT (PMM Attach Accept)
[1]
[2] (PMM Attach Accept)
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Procedure Overview
PMM Attach : PMM: Attach Complete

Description: UE Node B RNC SGSN

If the CN Allocated a new P-TMSI in
the Attach Accept message
RRC Connection Setup
then the UE responds with an
attach complete message. This
confirms receipt of the new RRC Initial DT RANAP Initial UE
(PMM Attach Request)
temporary identity. (PMM Attach Request)
(SCCP Con Req.)
Main IE’s: SCCP Connection Conf
Authentication
Attach Complete indication
RANAP
RRC Security Mode Command
Security Mode Command
RRC
Security Mode Complete RANAP
Security Mode Complete

RANAP Common ID
RANAP DT
RRC DL DT (PMM Attach Accept)
(PMM Attach Accept)
RRC UL DT
[1] (PMM Attach Complete) RANAP DT
(PMM Attach Complete) [2]
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Check Point Three

UE Attached – No PDP Contexts – RRC Connected
PDN

UE Node B RNC SGSN GGSN

RRC Connection (DCCH) Iu Connection

UE State: RRC Connected PMM Attached SM Inactive

Connections: Signalling :- DCCH RRC Iu User :- none
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Procedure Overview
PDP Context Activation: SM: Activate PDP Context Request

Description: UE Node B RNC SGSN

The UE starts this procedure RRC
and PMM Connected. The
RRC Connection Setup
follow on flag was set during
the attach procedure so the PMM Attach Procedure
RRC connection is still in place.
This is used to send the NAS SM RRC UL DT RANAP DT
Activate PDP context request (Activate PDP Context Req) [1] [2]
(Activate PDP Context Req)
message to the CN. This
message indicates the Context
reference, the requested QoS,
PDP Address and APN.

Main IE’s:
Transaction ID,
NSAPI,
QoS,
PDP Address,
APN
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Procedure Overview
PDP Context Activation: RANAP: RAB Assignment Request

Description: UE Node B RNC SGSN

On receipt of the request the SGSN
imitates the set-up of the DTCH
required to support this RRC Connection Setup
Context. It does this by sending PMM Attach Procedure
a RAB assignment request to
the RNC indicating the RAB RRC UL DT RANAP DT
configuration and also passing (Activate PDP Context Req)
(Activate PDP Context Req)
the UL GTP tunnel Parameters. RANAP [1]
RAB Assignment Req.
Main IE’s:
RAB ID, RAB Parameters, User Plane
Info, GTP-U IP Address, UL TEID
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Procedure Overview
PDP Context Activation: NBAP: RL Reconfigure Prepare / Ready

Description: UE Node B RNC SGSN

The UE already has a Radio Link set-
up, this procedure requires that
a DTCH be added to the RRC Connection Setup
configuration, therefore the PMM Attach Procedure
RNC sends a RL reconfigure
request to the Node B. RRC UL DT RANAP DT
(Activate PDP Context Req)
(Activate PDP Context Req)
The Node B confirms with RL
Reconfigure Ready, but does RANAP
NBAP
not implement the changes yet. [1] RL Reconfigure Prepare
RAB Assignment Req.

NBAP
Main IE’s: [2] RL Reconfigure Ready

DCH’s to add,
Configuration Info
FP mode
ToAWS
ToAWE
DCH ID
TFS

RL ID
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

PDP Context Activation: ALCAP: AAL2 Bearer Set-Up

Procedure Overview
Description: UE Node B RNC SGSN
Once the RL has been reconfigured
in the Node B the RNC sets-up
the AAL2 bearer to carry it. As RRC Connection Setup
before this done via ALCAP PMM Attach Procedure
Establish procedures and is
followed by FP synchronisation. RRC UL DT RANAP DT
(Activate PDP Context Req)
(Activate PDP Context Req)
RANAP
NBAP
RAB Assignment Req.
RL Reconfigure Prepare
NBAP
RL Reconfigure Ready

ALCAP AAL2 Bearer Set-up

and Synchronisation
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

PDP Context Activation: NBAP: RL Reconfigure Commit

Procedure Overview
Description: UE Node B RNC SGSN
When the AAL2 connection is ready
the RNC instructs the Node B to
commit the changes it had RRC Connection Setup
prepared in the reconfiguration. PMM Attach Procedure
The Commit message indicates the RRC UL DT RANAP DT
Frame number at which the (Activate PDP Context Req)
(Activate PDP Context Req)
change should occur.
NBAP RANAP
RAB Assignment Req.
Main IE’s: RL Reconfigure Prepare
NBAP
Transaction Id, CFN RL Reconfigure Ready

ALCAP AAL2 Bearer Set-up

and Synchronisation

NBAP [1]
RL Reconfigure Commit
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

PDP Context Activation: RRC: Radio Bearer Set-Up

Procedure Overview
Description: UE Node B RNC SGSN
The UTRAN has been configured for
the new DTCH, so the UE can
now be instructed to set-up the RRC Connection Setup
Radio Bearer. The RNC does PMM Attach Procedure
this via an RRC RB set-up
request. This includes the same RRC UL DT RANAP DT
CFN as indicated to the Node B. (Activate PDP Context Req)
(Activate PDP Context Req)
NBAP RANAP
Main IE’s: RL Reconfigure Prepare RAB Assignment Req.

NBAP
Transaction ID, CFN, State RL Reconfigure Ready
Indicator,
RB Set-up info ALCAP AAL2 Bearer Set-up
RAB ID, CN Domain ID, PDCP and Synchronisation
info, RLC Info, TFC, TFS
NBAP
RL Reconfigure Commit
RRC Radio Bearer Setup
(DCCH) [1]
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

PDP Context Activation: RRC: Radio Bearer Set-Up Complete

Procedure Overview
Description: UE Node B RNC SGSN
Once the UE has configured the RB
it returns a confirmation
message in the form of an RRC RRC Connection Setup
RB set-up Complete. PMM Attach Procedure
RRC UL DT
Main IE’s: (Activate PDP Context Req)
RANAP DT
(Activate PDP Context Req)
Transaction ID NBAP RANAP
RL Reconfigure Prepare RAB Assignment Req.

NBAP
RL Reconfigure Ready

ALCAP AAL2 Bearer Set-up

and Synchronisation

NBAP
RL Reconfigure Commit
RRC Radio Bearer Setup
(DCCH)
RRC RB Setup Comp
(DCCH) [1]
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

PDP Context Activation: RANAP: RAB Assignment Response

Procedure Overview
Description: UE Node B RNC SGSN
Receipt of the set-up complete
message by the RNC indicates
that RAB assignment procedure RRC Connection Setup
is complete, it indicates this PMM Attach Procedure
back to the SGSN via a RANAP
RAB assignment response, that RRC UL DT RANAP DT
also includes the DL addressing (Activate PDP Context Req)
(Activate PDP Context Req)
for the GTP-U connection. RANAP
NBAP
RL Reconfigure Prepare RAB Assignment Req.
Main IE’s: NBAP
NSAPI, RNC GTP-U IP Address, DL RL Reconfigure Ready
TEID
ALCAP AAL2 Bearer Set-up
and Synchronisation

NBAP
RL Reconfigure Commit
RRC Radio Bearer Setup
(DCCH)
RRC RB Setup Comp
RANAP [1]
(DCCH)
RAB Assignment Resp
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

PDP Context Activation: GTP-C: Create PDP Context Request

Procedure Overview
Description: UE Node B RNC SGSN GGSN
The final part of the connection can
now be established this is the
RRC Connection Setup
connection to the AP indicated
in the PDP activation request. PMM Attach Procedure
The SGSN identifies the correct
GGSN and sends it a Create PDP Context Activation Request and RAB Set-Up
context Request.
GTP-C [1]
Main IE’s: Create PDP Context Request

IMSI, Restart Counter, Data

TEID, Control TEID, Data IP
Addr, Control IP Addr, NSAPI,
APN, QoS profile, PDP Address
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

PDP Context Activation: GTP-C: Create PDP Context Response

Procedure Overview
Description: UE Node B RNC SGSN GGSN
Once the Context has been created
in the GGSN it returns a Create
PDP Context Response, RRC Connection Setup
indicating the UL GTP PMM Attach Procedure
Parameters, QoS profile and UE
PDP address Context Activation Request and RAB Set-Up

Main IE’s: GTP-C

Create PDP Context Request
Restart Counter, Data TEID, Control
TEID, Data IP Addr, Control IP
GTP-C [1]
Addr, QoS profile, PDP Address
Create PDP Context Response
 UE Initiated Call MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Set-up (PS)
PDP Context Activation: SM: Activate PDP Context Accept
Procedure Overview
Description: UE Node B RNC SGSN GGSN
The Context s now active and all
the transport bearers are in
place, the SGSN can therefore RRC Connection Setup
complete the procedure by PMM Attach Procedure
sending the UE an Activate PDP
context Accept. This message is Context Activation Request and RAB Set-Up
also used to inform the UE of
the offered QoS settings and GTP-C
PDP Address. Create PDP Context Request

Main IE’s: GTP-C

Transaction ID, QoS Parameters, Create PDP Context Response
Radio Priority, PDP Address, RANAP DT
[1]
RRC DL DT (Act PDP Context Acc)
[2]
(Act PDP Context Acc)
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

PDP Context Activation: Procedure Complete

Procedure Overview
At this point;
UE Node B RNC SGSN GGSN
The PDP context has been created
in the SGSN, GGSN, and at the
UE RRC Connection Setup
The UE is now SM Active, PMM PMM Attach Procedure
Attached and RRC Connected. It
has dedicated signalling and Context Activation Request and RAB Set-Up
user plane connections, and an
IP address. Data transfer can GGSN PDP Context Create and UE PDP Context Activation Accept
now begin

PS Call Active
 UE Initiated Call Set-up (PS) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Check Point Four

UE Attached – One PDP Context
PDN

UE Node B RNC SGSN GGSN

RRC Connection (DCCH) Iu Connection GTP-C Connection

DTCH GTP-U Connection GT

P-U Connection

UE State: RRC Connected PMM Attached SM Active

Connections: Signalling :- DCCH RRC Iu GTP-C User :- DTCH GTP-U
Optimization Flow Chart (1/2) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

 Performance problem
• dropped calls,
• loss of data connections
• low throughput.
 Input
• Performance data
• KPI
• Drive test
 Assesment and analysis
• Network status based on inputs
• Network analysis
 Solutions
• Initial solutions based on
assessment / analysis
 Job Order
• Official work order (WO) for
optimization tasks
 Optimization Flow Chart (2/2) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

 Implementation
• Implementation of the optimization task (based on WO)
 Solution verification
• Verification, that ordered tasks have been done properly
 Criteria Check
• Is network performance fulfilling accepted criteria
 Monitoring / data collection
• Performance data collection
• Deeper performance monitoring
 Analysis
• Deeper performance data analysis
 Solutions
• Primary solutions based on analysis
 Project report
• Final project report
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

WCDMA Measurement Overview

 WCDMA Measurement Parameters MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

The Cell Selection Process

 P-CPICH as Measurement Reference MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

CPICH RSCP Received Signal Code Power (in dBm). Power measurement of the CPICH

CPICH Ec/No Received energy per chip divided by the power density in the band (in dB)

UTRA-carrier RSSI Received wide band power, including thermal noise and noise generated in receiver

CPICH RSCP
CPICH Ec/No =
UTRA carrier RSSI
RSCP
• The UE measures the RSCP on the Primary-CPICH. The reference point for the
measurement is the antenna connector of the UE.
• The received code power may be high, but it does not necessarily indicate the
quality of the received signal
RSSI
• On the overall noise level.
• The UE measures the received wide band power, which includes thermal noise
and receiver generated noise.
• The reference point for the measurements is the antenna connector of the UE.
 WCDMA Measurement Parameters MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

• UTRA Carrier RSSI

• CPICH RSCP

• CPICH Ec/No
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Principles of 3G network optimizations

 Single Site Optimization MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Single site verification involves the following

aspects:
• Parameter setting check in idle mode

• Services call (CS/PS) function check in

connected mode.

• CPICH RSCP & Ec/Io

• Installation problems check..

Single Site Optimization MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Flow Chart
 Physical Audit MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Physical Audit:
In this we familiarize the following information about NodeB before test,
including:
• Site location
• Cell ID
• Scramble Code
• Omnidirectional/Directional site
• Azimuth

Testing Point Selection:

It is the point where the signals of target cell are strong and other cells are
weak.
 Idle Mode Verification MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Verification in Idle Mode:-

Verification in idle mode includes the following aspects:
• Cell ID Check
• Scramble Check
• LAC/RAC Check
• CPICH_RSCP/CPICH_EcIo (Near Site) Test

Cell ID Check:
Check whether the Cell ID number of the cell to be measured is consistent
with the planned data.
 Scrambling Code Check MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Check whether the scramble code configuration is consistent with the planned
configuration.

SC 48
SC 0 SC 64
SC 16 SC 40 SC 56 SC 49
SC 8 SC 24 SC 1 SC 65
SC 32 SC 17 SC 41 SC 57
SC 9 SC 25
SC 33
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
LAC/RAC & CPICH RSCP/ Ec/Io Check

LAC/RAC Check: -
Query WCDMA-Network Information, and the software displays the basic information of
the serving network, including LAC and RAC.

CPICH RSCP and CPICH Ec/Io near site test: -

In the major transmission direction of antenna, fix a location with line-of-sight distance
from the antenna within 100 meters from the NodeB. Power on the test UE and start
testing mode by pressing the application key.

Query WCDMA-Power/RRC, and the software displays the information about the received
signals, including the received signal strength Rx (CPICH_RSCP) and the received signal-to-
interference radio (SIR) (CPICH Ec/Io).
 RF Optimization Common Measurement
MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Most RF problems can be solved through the following adjustment

• Antenna tilt
• Antenna azimuth
• Antenna location
• Combine sector
• Antenna height
• Antenna type
• TMA
• RRU
• New site
Coverage Analysis MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Weak
coverage

No primary Coverage Overshoot

Pilot coverage
Analysis

Unbalance
d between
uplink and
downlink
 Coverage Analysis Process MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Coverage analysis part is divided in to two parts Downlink and Uplink coverage
analysis.

• Downlink coverage analysis: -

Involves analyzing CPICH RSCP
and CPICH Ec/Io obtained by
drive test.

• Uplink coverage analysis: -

Analyzing UE transmit power
obtained in DT
 Downlink Coverage Analysis (1/2)MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Downlink coverage analysis - Pilot Coverage quality Analysis

Areas of Ec/Io should be checked against RSCP levels as follows:

• Pilot Coverage is depend on the RSCP (Received signal code Power), if the RSCP
Level is poor, than the fundamental cause of low Ec/Io is poor coverage.

-14 -90

-15 -15.5 -95

-16 -100
-104
-17 -105

-18 -110

-19 -115

-20 -120
Ec/Io RSCP
 Downlink Coverage Analysis (2/2) MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Downlink coverage analysis - Pilot Coverage quality Analysis

• If RSCP level is good, the poor Ec/Io will imply strong system interference.
Such scenario could arise when two sectors are pointing at each other.

-14 -60
-63

-15 -15.5 -65

-16 -70

-17 -75

-18 -80

-19 -85

-20 -90
Ec/Io RSCP
 Uplink Coverage Analysis MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

The distribution of UE transmit power

UE_Tx_Power<= 10 The test result of voice service by test handset. Assume

>= 95%
dBm the maximum transmit power of UE is 21 dBm
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Pilot Pollution Optimization

Pilot Pollution:- When the number of strong cells, exceeds the active set size,
there is “pilot pollution” in that area. Typically the active set size is 3, so if there
are more than 3 strong cells then there is pilot pollution.
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Pilot Pollution Analysis (2/2)
Estimated Active Set Size Example :

Causes for Pilot Pollution

• Highly-mounted Antenna
• Improper Antenna Azimuth
• Improper Antenna Down Tilt
• Improper PICH Power
 Pilot Pollution Solution MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Solutions of Pilot Pollution :

• Antenna Adjustment
• P-CPICH Power Adjustment
• Using RRU or Micro Cells
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Handover

Purpose of Handover

• Providing the continuous service in mobile system is the basic element in QoS
- Providing continuous communication service is the main purpose of handover.
• The load balance: sharing the resource
• The hierarchy divided by speed and service: high efficiency of using resource

Basic Concept about Handover

• Active set • Radio link (RL)

• Monitor set • Radio link set (RLS)
• Detection set • Maximum-ratio combining
• Event report • Soft handover gain
– Event to periodic report • Pilot channel (CPICH)
• Periodic report
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Types Of Handover

Classify by
Classify by Classify by
Frequency Description
System Change Signaling Flow
Change
Low-rate services (e.g. AMR,
Soft handover
VP）
High-rate services (e.g.
Intra-frequency
PS384K)
Intra- system No Iur interface between to
RNCs
For the purpose of coverage
or load balancing (e.g.
Hard handover
handover between carriers
with different load, handover
Inter-frequency to the carrier that supports

Inter-system the HSDPA service.

(Inter-RAT)
WCDMA-to-GSM handover)
 Handover Optimization MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Neighbour cell optimization can be analysed by:

Add: Missing neighbours

Remove: These neighbours that were not measured but are in the neighbour list.

SHO Factor based on DT Analysis:

If the SHO Factor based on DT is over large, decrease or change the handover areas by
using the following methods for shrinking coverage areas:

Increase the down tilt

Adjust azimuth
Decrease the antenna height
Decrease the PICH power
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Handover Analysis (2/2)
Handover Problem Analysis

• UE SHO Performance
– The success rates for event 1a, 1b & 1c and can be obtained from software

Number of Active Set Updates Number of Active Set Update Completes

Event Count Event Count
Event 1a - 328 Event 1a - 326
Event 1b - 306 Event 1b - 305
Event 1c - 64 Event 1c - 62

Soft-Handover Success Rate

Event Rate
Event 1a - 99.4
Event 1b - 99.7
Event 1c - 96.9
 Parameters Optimization MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Parameter optimization includes field test and statistics analysis.

 Purpose of Parameters Optimization

– Increase the access success ratio
– Decrease the call drop ratio
– Increase the quality of service

 The tools and data for analysis:

– scanner and UE
– RNC record data
– Statistic tools and KPI
– MSC & SGSN record if necessary.
 Drive Test MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Drive testing is done continually to monitor the health of the network.

Drive Test Software

Pre-defined route GPS Indoor antenna

Outdoor antenna

The contents of drive test are as follows :

• The call setup test for voice service
• The continuous call test for voice service
 Drive Test Data Analysis MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

Drive Test Data Analysis:

• Analyzing and finding out the solution for

access failure
• Analyzing and finding out the solution for
drop call
• Analyzing and finding out the solution for
service quality related problems
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Recommendations

Adjustment Recommendation and Implementation:-

• Common Control Channel Power Allocation parameters

• RL Maximum Power parameters
• Intra-frequency Handover parameters
• Inter-frequency Handover parameters
• Inter-RAT Handover parameters
• Power Control parameters
• Access parameters
• Other related parameters
 MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

“Continuous Effort is the Key to Unlocking our True Potential”

MobileComm Professionals, Inc.

www.mcpsinc.com