FURNITURE

Building construction and material -VIII

GROUP 6
WHAT IS FURNITURE

FURNITURE :- The movable articles that are used to make a room or building suitable for living or working in,
such as tables, chairs, or desks.
The small accessories or fittings that are required for a particular task or function .

TYPES OF FURNITURE:-

1. Indoor furniture Office furniture

Dinning room furniture Bed room furniture

2.OUT DOOR FURNITURE :-

OUTDOOR SOFA OUTDOOR CHAIR

OUTDOOR SET

3. CUSTOM FURNITURE:-
Types based on materials :-
Wood furniture:-

Metal furniture :-
Plastic furniture

Wicker furniture
Bamboo furniture

Glass furniture
Materials used to make furniture
• A variety of materials are used to make furniture,
but the primary structure of most furniture is
based on three families of materials, used alone, or
in combination.
• The three families of materials are:
• wood
• metal
• plastics
Wood furniture
• Wood is still the most used furniture material, and
was almost the only material used in most historic
(pre 20th century) furniture.
• Wood used for furniture is either:
• solid wood
• plywood
Solid wood furniture
vs.
Plywood furniture
• Solid wood
• To produce a board measuring 1 inch thick, a tree is cut down and sawn
to random lengths of 6 to 12 feet.
• Since trees are round and boards are rectangular, there is substantial
waste.
• Imagine a square within a circle and everything outside of the square is
trashed.
• Next, the board desired is rough-cut from the log, and the saw kerf
wastes another centimeter down the length of the log every time it
makes a board.
• A 1 inch thick board must be rough cut to a little less than 1-1/2 inches thick, then dried, which
causes slight warpage.
• To make the board flat and smooth, it must be planed, this trashes another 3/8 to 1/2 inch.
• In producing a 1 inch thick board already the waste is greater than the yield.
• The board is just a random width and length, and the piece of furniture is not even started.
• If the simplest stick chair is made, waste is another 25-30%, and if a piece of furniture has any
curves or uses a low yield species of wood, like cherry or walnut, the waste factor is another
100% to 200%......or more.

• In comparison with solid wood construction of furniture, using plywood is much more
efficient as a use of wood.
• Furniture grade plywood is manufactured specifically to be used as an exposed, visual,
attractive, finished surface.
• One type of furniture grade plywood is called ‘Baltic Birch’ plywood.
• Baltic Birch plywood is made of 7, or 15, layers of birch, each layer turned 90 degrees from the
previous layer. Baltic Birch plywood is made in sheets that are 5’ x 5’.
• This yields a piece of plywood that is very stable, visually refined, and without voids in the
layers.
Edge of Baltic Birch Plywood
13 ply = 3/4” thick sheet
Birch
natural, unstained color
A table using Baltic birch
plywood and steel tubes.
Wood furniture:-
Durability:- wood is quite durable . Life of wood furniture is also average . But its durability
decreases due to fungus , or from termites or other destructive insects .an over all defining the
terms used to describe a woods durability.

Versatile :-furniture has many fine qualities, firstly it always looks beautiful even when it has aged.
Secondly it is absolutely going to last the distance and this hard wearing wood is going to give you
excellent value for money and a long life.

Maintenance:- maintenance of wood can be done very easily by using wax or vinegar to remove stains.
But its maintenance is not so easy respect to other furniture.

Economical:- wood furniture is not so economic as it requires a proper maintenance . Its cost of
making is also more than other furniture.
Metal furniture:-
Durability:-Metal furniture are unique as they are 100% all welded or screwed so it is having more
life .

Versatility:- it is also having fine quality . Its life is also more than wood furniture . It is also give us
the excellent value of money.

Maintenance:- maintenance is important for this as the metal may get rust. So in that case
maintenance like paint or galvanisation are to be done in time in a proper interval so that the proper
value of your money can be get.

Economical:- it is not so economical but its like one time investment . One should have to put some
money and the furniture will last long to years.
 Metal Furniture
• Metals are used to make parts, such as legs, frames, and table bases,
and as a primary material for office furniture, kitchen cabinetry, utility
shelving, and storage units.
• Steel in the form of rods, tubing, and sheets is the most used metal for
furniture.
• Aluminum in the form of tubes, and formed sections, such as angles,
channels, and T’s is used for cast legs, frames, and small parts.

• Metal office furniture and utility files, cabinets, and shelves are made
of sheet steel.
• The sheets are cut, and then bent to form box shapes, or with bent
flanges (edges) used to make shelves or tops.
• The gauge (thickness) of the sheet metal is an important factor in
determining the quality of a piece. Sheet metal that is too thin will not
hold up well. Thicker sheet metal is stronger, will last longer, and will
resist denting and deforming.
Plastic furniture:-
Durability:-comparing to other furniture such as wood , glass, and metals, this is quite durable .
Its immense ability to withstand varying climatic conditions is one of the main advantages of this
type of furniture . Plastic furniture is for rough and tough use in daily life.

Versatility:- available in various attracted colors and shapes , it can be used or both indoor and
outdoor . They are easy to process , and have more random shapes . These are for the person
who want simplicity , colorful and perfectionist people.

Maintenance:- when compared to metal or wood furniture , plastic one needs less maintenance .
The furniture is safe from rust . Therefore its maintenance is less compared to others . Even the
maintenance and cleaning is very easy .

Economical:- it is having very good prospect in the future and replace the wooden , rattan or
wicker and any other one . So in future ‘’ plastic furniture can become a fashion furniture’’.
Plastics used in furniture
• Plastic Laminates: are composed of layers of heavy paper impregnated
with melamine resin.
• Acrylics: such as Plexiglas and Lucite, resemble glass in their
transparency, but can be made translucent and colored, and opaque.
Acrylics can be bent and molded into curved shapes.
• Molded Plastics: such as styrene, polyethylene, nylon, and vinyl, are
often made into small parts, such as glides, rollers, edge trim, and
drawer pulls.
• Fiberglass: a hybrid material in which glass fibers are embedded in a
molded polyester resin. Used to make custom auto body parts and
small boat hulls.
Molded plastic stadium seats
Furniture
Structure and Materials
• Quality of materials and technique in furniture construction has a major
impact on both its durability and its proper use.
• Generally the details of construction of a piece of furniture are at least
partially concealed in the finished piece. Because of this, the reputation
of a particular manufacturer, published specifications, and price are all
clues to the quality of construction.
• Well made furniture need not be expensive, but cheap duplicates of high
quality products are almost always the result of some skimping on
materials, or details of construction.
• Good furniture is not weak, fragile, or shaky when new, and will not
develop weaknesses with normal use over long periods of time.
 Workstation Chairs
(often referred as Elan chairs)

Workstation Chair without

Arms
Dimensions (in cms)* :
•Width: 56
•Height: 103
•Depth: 46

Computer Chair(Large Back)

with Arms
Dimensions (in cms)* :
•Width: 48
•Height: 92-103
•Depth: 46

High Back
Chair
Dimensions (in cms)* :
•Width: 59
•Height: 111
•Depth: 48
 Workstation Chair with Arms
Dimensions (in cms)* :
•Width: 56
•Height: 103
•Depth: 46

Low Back
Chair
Dimensions (in cms)* :
•Width: 59
•Height: 95
•Depth: 48

Computer Chair(Large Back)

without Arms
Dimensions (in cms)* :
•Width: 44
•Height: 90-101
•Depth: 42
VEHICULAR FURNITURE
HOSPITAL FURNITURE
 ERGONOMICS
• Ergonomics is the scientific discipline concerned with
designing according to human needs, and the profession that
applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order
to optimize human well-being and overall system
performance.
 CLASSROOM ERGONOMICS
Study conducted on reading postures
• Children typically find it far more comfortable to tilt forward
on the front legs of their chairs.
• It was found that better posture could be achieved using
furniture that was 15 to 20 cm higher, with seats and desktops
that sloped towards one another.
 OFFICE ERGONOMICS
Incorrect posture can cause
• Back pain
• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
INDIAN FURNITURES
TYPES
• Maharani
• Gujarati
• Orissa
• Tuscany
• Coco
• Jehan
• Loha
• Mughal
Cane wood furniture
Rajasthani furniture

In some parts of Rajasthan and Gujarat colourful painting of furniture is

quite common.
Kashmir furniture

The woods used for ornamental work in India are walnut, which provides the
base for the fine workmanship of Kashmir
THANK YOU