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Handover Issues

UMTS networks use three types of handovers: intra-system, inter-system, and inter-frequency. There are two main types of handovers - hard handover which uses a "break-before-make" approach, and soft handover where the UE communicates with multiple base stations simultaneously. Soft handover is used when the UE is between two cells, while softer handover is similar but occurs within the same base station with multiple sectors. The handover process involves detection, preparation, and execution phases to transfer a connection between base stations seamlessly.

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Dinesh Raja M
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38 views

Handover Issues

UMTS networks use three types of handovers: intra-system, inter-system, and inter-frequency. There are two main types of handovers - hard handover which uses a "break-before-make" approach, and soft handover where the UE communicates with multiple base stations simultaneously. Soft handover is used when the UE is between two cells, while softer handover is similar but occurs within the same base station with multiple sectors. The handover process involves detection, preparation, and execution phases to transfer a connection between base stations seamlessly.

Uploaded by

Dinesh Raja M
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Handover in network

UMTS Handover
Intra-system Handover:
Intra-frequency HO
Inter-frequency HO
Inter-system HO
• Different radio access technologies (e.g.
UMTS and GSM/EDGE)
• Different radio access modes (e.g.
FDD/WCDMA and TDD/TD-CDMA)
Hard handover
Hard handover `break-
before-make' is applied
when the user’s equipment
communicates with only
just one Node B.
Connection with the old
Node B is broken before
the new connection is
established
Soft handover
UE is located in the coverage
area of two or more different
Node Bs. The UE
simultaneously
communicates with two or
more Node Bs via two or
more radio channels. A
received signal in Node B is
routed to the RNC (Radio
Network Controller). The
RNC compares the signal on
the frame by- frame basis.
The best frame is selected for
the next processing; the
others frames are discarded.
Softer handover
Softer handover is
similar to soft
handover. The main
difference between
these two handovers
resides in fact that a
UE is located in the
coverage area of two
sectors of one Node B
Handover Phases
Handover detection
Handover preparation
Handover execution
Handover Detection
One of the responsibilities of the
handover entity is monitoring and
triggering the handover.
Handover Preparation
In this phase, the handover entity
requests for the other networks
resource availability information.
Handover Execution
A handover execution message is
responsible for triggering the handover
to another network and is sent by the
handover entity.
Handover Procedure

MS BTSold BSCold MSC BSCnew BTSnew


measurement measurement
report result

HO decision
HO required HO request
resource allocation
ch. activation

HO command HO request ack ch. activation ack


HO command HO command
HO access
Link establishment

HO complete HO complete
clear command clear command
clear complete clear complete
Hard Handoff Procedure
3G (UMTS)

Soft Handoff Procedure


UMTS Radio Access Network Architecture -
Mobility and Handover Issues
RNS RNC: Radio Network Controller
UE
RNS: Radio Network Subsystem
Node B Iub
UTRAN comprises several
RNC RNSs
Iu Node B can support FDD or
Node B TDD or both

CN
RNC is responsible for
Iur handover decisions requiring
Node B
Iub signaling to the UE
Cell offers FDD or TDD
Node B
RNC

Node B
RNS
UMTS HO Algorithm
The algorithm samples the signal
strength of the surrounding base
stations every 1 sec.
3dB threshold for soft handover.
6dB threshold for hard handover.
The size of the Active Set is 3 signals
SHO Algorithm
1. Each UE is connected to its Primary_BS, and keeps
an Active_ Set (2 “closest” cells)
2. Each UE measures the SIR received from the
surrounding cells.
3. If (AS1_SIR – Pr_BS_SIR) >3dB OR (AS2_SIR –
Pr_BS_SIR) > 3dB
- UE enters Soft Handover
- UE keeps a simultaneous connection to the
Primary_BS and one or both of the Active_Set
cells
HHO Algorithm
Neighboring cells replace the cells in the Active_Set if
their SIR exceeds the Active_Set cells’ SIR by 6dB.

- If (AS1_SIR – Pr_BS_SIR) > 6dB for three


measurements in a row: AS1 becomes the
Primary_BS
- If (AS2_SIR – Pr_BS_SIR) > 6dB for three
measurements in a row: AS2 becomes the
Primary_BS
Hard & Soft HO in UMTS

Cell 10

Cell 6 Cell 11

Cell 7

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