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HP-LP Bypass System

1) The document describes an HP-LP bypass system used in steam turbines. The system allows excess steam generated in the boiler to bypass the turbine and dump into the condenser under various transient conditions. 2) It maintains steam parameters during startups and load changes to match steam conditions to the turbine. This enables faster startups and loading while reducing losses. 3) The HP bypass can divert up to 70% of steam flow, opening fully within 3 seconds during load rejection or trips to prevent pressure surges. The LP bypass independently controls reheater steam pressure.

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Madhav Pande
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© © All Rights Reserved
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4K views28 pages

HP-LP Bypass System

1) The document describes an HP-LP bypass system used in steam turbines. The system allows excess steam generated in the boiler to bypass the turbine and dump into the condenser under various transient conditions. 2) It maintains steam parameters during startups and load changes to match steam conditions to the turbine. This enables faster startups and loading while reducing losses. 3) The HP bypass can divert up to 70% of steam flow, opening fully within 3 seconds during load rejection or trips to prevent pressure surges. The LP bypass independently controls reheater steam pressure.

Uploaded by

Madhav Pande
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HP-LP BYPASS SYSTEM

By
M.V.Pande
Director
Bypass Theory
Basic Bypass Scheme
HP-LP Bypass Scheme
Functions & Advantages
• To establish required steam parameters
at superheater and reheater outlets in
short time for best matching of steam
and turbine metal temperatures.
• To handle the difference between
steam generated and that consumed by
the turbine under transient conditions.
The difference is dumped in the
condenser.
• To enable house load operation of the
machine.
Functions & Advantages
• To achieve quick start-ups, faster
loading and reduced start-up and
shut-down losses.
• To save considerable amount of D M
Water, which otherwise would have
been wasted during start-up.
• Enables quicker warming up of steam
lines.
• Minimizes operation of safety valves
Functions & Advantages
• Improvement of boiler stability under
transient conditions.
• Boiler can be kept in operation with normal
steam parameters even after substantial
load rejection.
• Independent operation of Boiler and
Turbine is possible, thus tapping full
utilization of Turbine flexibility.
Features of HP-LP Bypass
• HP bypass system has the capacity to
bypass about 70% of HP steam at rated
flow.
• The HP bypass valves (BP) and spray
valves (BPE) are operated by hydraulic
actuators. The pressurized oil is supplied
from separate oil supply unit for HP
bypass station.
Features of HP-LP Bypass
• Fast opening arrangement is provided to open HP
bypass valves 100% within 3 seconds as against
the normal opening time of 8 seconds. Fast
opening of HP bypass valves prevent the impulse
rise of pressure in the main steam lines and
superheaters in following cases.

1) Bulk load rejection, i.e. when load rejected is


greater than 50%, balance load less than 20%
and grid frequency greater than 49 cps.
2) Generator breaker open
3) Turbine trip
Features of HP-LP Bypass
• During normal operation of the unit, with the
sliding pressure operation, the pressure master
setpoint tracks the actual M.S. pressure with
positive bias. This arrangement keeps the HP
bypass valves standby i.e. in closed condition.

• LP bypass station is independent and operates on


its own pressure set point unlike in old designs
(LMW turbine) where LP bypass has a slave
controller operating in accordance with HP
bypass. LP bypass station has a separate LP
governor and the valves are actuated by electro-
hydraulic control.
Features of HP-LP Bypass
• The control oil requirement of LP bypass station
is fulfilled by turbine lub oil system at normal
pressure of 8 – 8.5 kg/cm2.
• LP bypass control valve is combined with the
stop valve in the same body.
• Safety valves are provided on hot reheat line
before LP bypass valves to prevent the excessive
rise of pressure when LP bypass valves are
closed on some protection. The Safety valves
will open on Auto when the actual pressure
exceeds the set value as well as these valves can
be opened manually also from the control room.
Features of HP-LP Bypass

• Two stage injection water control is


provided in the down stream of LP
bypass to protect the condenser from
high temperature
Bypass Operation Regimes
• Cold start
• Warm start
• Hot restart
• Load rejection & house load operation
• Quick shut-down of turbine
• Turbine trip
• Parallel operation
Bypass Capacity
HP Bypass System
Sulzer Design
HP Bypass Valve
BP-1, BP-2
HPBP Valve
Out Line
Sr. Parameter Unit Operating Condition
No.
Trip from Normal Hot Cold
BMCR Operation Start Start

1. Pressure before valve ata 162.1 150 100 25


(Upstream)

2. Temperature before valve oC 540 540 500 300

3. Pressure after valve ata 43.03 39.09 22.89 6.57


(downstream)

4. Temperature after valve of BDO oC 330 330 270 200


(Breakdown orifice)

5. Pressure after BDO ata 21.5 20.1 14 5

6. Flow per valve t/h 231.5 210 125 37.5

7. Maximum Flow t/h 236.05 217.45 146.15 42.41

8. Required valve control area cm2 38.19 37.66 33.36 34.48

9. Maximum Valve Control Area cm2 39 39 39 39

10. Seat diameter mm 100 100 100 100

11. Maximum Valve Stroke mm 46 46 46 46


Cut-away Section
HPBP Spray Valve
BPE-1, BPE-2
Spray Valve
Outline
Oil Supply Unit
For HP Bypass
LP Bypass System
LP Bypass System Tasks
• Control of steam pressure after reheater
• Dump the excess steam to condenser after
desuperheating via LP bypass valves and dump
tube.
• Establish flow of steam from reheat lines and
build-up steam parameters at reheater outlet
(HRH parameters) during unit start-up.
• Release of steam entrapped in HPT & reheater
circuit in case generator circuit breaker opens.
• Prevent the boiler tripping on reheater
protection after turbine trip-out by maintaining
minimum flow through reheater.
LP Bypass Valve
LPBP-1, LPBP-2
Injection Valve
V1, V2, V3, V4
Dump Tube

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