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Compounding: Group: Nguyễn Thị Dung Nguyễn Minh Xuân Class: 507701a2

This document discusses compound words. It defines a compound word as a new word formed by joining two or more words together. Compound words have at least two root morphemes and function as separate lexical units. The document outlines several criteria for identifying compound words, including phonological stress patterns, inseparability of elements, semantic meaning, and spelling with or without a hyphen. Compound words are also classified based on their meaning, component relationship, part of speech, and compositional type. Several examples of each type of compound word are provided.

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Sen Mai
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134 views

Compounding: Group: Nguyễn Thị Dung Nguyễn Minh Xuân Class: 507701a2

This document discusses compound words. It defines a compound word as a new word formed by joining two or more words together. Compound words have at least two root morphemes and function as separate lexical units. The document outlines several criteria for identifying compound words, including phonological stress patterns, inseparability of elements, semantic meaning, and spelling with or without a hyphen. Compound words are also classified based on their meaning, component relationship, part of speech, and compositional type. Several examples of each type of compound word are provided.

Uploaded by

Sen Mai
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Compounding

Group : Nguyễn Thị Dung


Nguyễn Minh Xuân
Class : 507701a2
Outline
• I. Definition and characteristic features
• II. Criteria of compounding
• III. Semi-affixes ( affixal words )
• IV. Classification of compound words
I. Definition and characteristic
features
1. Definition :
- The building of a new word by joining 2 or more
words
2. Characteristic features :
+ 1 word consists of at least 2 root morphemes
Ex : school-boy, goal-keeper…etc
+ components : simple or derived words or other
compound words
+ function : separate lexical units
I. Definition and characteristic
features
Compound

Determinant Determinatum
-the determining part -the basic part
-express a
general meaning
Ex : goal-keeper
II. Criteria of compounding(4)
1. Phonological criterion :
- Stress in the first elements
Ex : classroom, greenhouse
- Have double stress
Ex : ‘good ‘egg, ‘bread -and ‘butter, ‘happy- go ‘lucky……etc
**Note : -Free word groups have even stresses
Ex : green house, ‘dancing ‘girl
- The importance of stress help us understand the meaning of words in
dialogues
Ex : - “ If you don’t drive away the bluebottle. I’ll throw the blue bottle onto your
face”.
- Look at the beautiful dancing girl !
- She’s a well known dancing girl.
► Insufficiency
II. Criteria of compounding
2. Inseparability criterion :
- Impossible to insert any other words between
the elements of a compound word
- Lose their grammatical independence & endings
are added to the whole word
Ex : armchairs , blackmarkets…..
+ Sometimes : can separate a compound’s
elements
Ex : “ Both cigar and cigarette smokers have to
spend a lot”.
► not sufficient
II. Criteria of compounding
3. Semantic criterion :
-1 compound express 1 single idea
- Not the sum of the meaning of its components
Ex : greenhouse # green house
- Difficult to decide whether there is only 1 single
idea :
Ex : window-cleaner
Anglo- Saxon
► insufficiency
II. Criteria of compounding
4. Graphic criterion ( spelling criterion ) :
- Compound: -spelt with a hyphen (-)
- not separation
Ex : daughter-in-law, day-school, mankind, bookcase…..
** Note : In English spelling, it lack of consistency
Ex : matchbox bread and butter
match-box bread-and-butter
match box
►Conclusion : -can’t base on 1 criterion.
- at least 2 or all =>decide word groups are
compound
III. Semi-affixes ( affixal words )
-Difficult to distinguish compound & derived words
Ex : chairman, countryman, child-like
+Half words or half affixes :
-Lose their grammatical independence & meaning
-combined with a great number of roots : like, man,
-monger, -wright …etc
Ex : playwright, newsmonger, businesslike,
ladylike, postman,….
III. Semi-affixes ( affixal words )
Semi-affixes

Semi-prefixes Semi-suffixes
- add to the beginning - add to the end
of root of root
Ex : mini-car Ex : chairman,
mini-club child-like
self-service
IV. Classification of compound
words
1. The meaning (semantic ) :
non-idiomatic idiomatic
-easily deduced from -can’t be deduced
the meanings of the -no relationship
components between the
meanings of the
components
Ex : good-looking Ex : money-business
kind-hearted blackleg
goal-keeper
IV. Classification of compound
words
2. Componental relationship :

Coordinative Subordinative
+both structurally & +characterized by
semantically the domination of
Independent 1component over
the other
Ex : actor-manager Ex : book-keeper
fifty-fifty spaceship
IV. Classification of compound
words
3. Part of speech :
-compound N : door-handle, lady-killer…
-compound Adj : hot-tempered, easy-going..
-compound V : whitewash, team-teach…
-compound Adv: whole-heartedly, herein…
-compound prepositions : onto, into…..
IV. Classification of compound
words
4. Compositional types :
-Compound formed by justaposition
Ex : store-keeper, door-step, heart-broken..
-Compound formed by morphological
means:
Ex : spoken-man, speed-dometer
- Compound formed by syntactical means :
Ex : merry-go-round, crash-and-carry
IV. Classification of compound
words
5. Miscellanea of compounds
*Derivational compounds:
-words : integrity by a suffix
Ex : honeymooner, teenager, go-getter….
*Reduplicative compound:
-built by imitating sounds or repeating one of their components
Ex : tick-tack, chit-chat, fifty-fifty….
*Dead compounds :
-words whose compositional characteristics
-discovered by etymological analysis only
Ex : kidnap= kid + nap
husband = house + bond
*Prepositional- adverb compounds:
-preposition like adverbs
Ex : give up, bring up…..
Thank you for listening !

Be happy-go-
lucky!

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