SENTENCE TRANSFORAMTION

 It is transforming one kind of sentence into another

kind of sentence. However, during the transition, we
should be careful not to change the original aspect of
Sentence.
Transformation of Sentences and
Different Types:
1. Simple Sentence

 A simple sentence is one independent clause that has a

subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.
 Example: Charles plays Football.
 I am waiting for you.
2. Compound Sentence

 If two principal clauses are added by and, or, but, yet,

so, so etc. by Conjunction, then compound Sentence.
Ex: He is poor but he is honest.
Mary and Samantha left on the bus before I
arrived, so I did not see them at the bus station.
3. Complex Sentences

 A complex sentence is made up of an independent

clause and one or more dependent clauses connected
to it.
 Ex: Because Mary and Samantha arrived at the bus
station before noon, I did not see them at the station.
I did not see them at the station because Mary and
Samantha arrived at the bus station before noon.
SIMPLE SENTENCE TO COMPOUND

 A simple sentence can be converted into a compound

sentence by expanding a word or phrase into a clause
and by using a coordinating conjunction to connect
the clauses.
 by changing the participial phrase
 Simple: Being ill, he didn’t attend the party.
 Compound: He was ill and didn’t attend the party.
SIMPLE SENTENCE TO COMPLEX

 A simple sentence can be converted to a complex

sentence by expanding a word or phrase into a
subordinate clause. This subordinate clause can be a
noun clause, an adjective clause or an adverb clause.
Ex: Simple Sentence: He confessed his crime.
 Complex Sentence: He confessed that he had
committed a crime.
 Simple Sentence: I went there. The door was locked.
 Complex Sentence: When I went there the door was
locked.
 Simple Sentence: He bought his uncle’s factory.
 Complex Sentence: He bought the factory that
belonged to his uncle.
POSITIVE, COMPARATIVE AND
SUPERLATIVE SENTENCE

 - An adjective can exist in three forms – positive,

comparative and superlative.
 POSITIVE
-The positive form is the base form of the adjective.
Ex:
She is pretty.
The cat is large
COMPARATIVE

 One way to describe nouns (people, objects, animals,

etc.) is by comparing them to something else. When
comparing two things, you’re likely to use adjectives
like smaller, bigger, taller, more interesting, and less
expensive.
 Notice the -er ending, and the words more and less.
RULES:

1. For adjectives that are just one syllable, add -er to the
end
Ex:
Incorrect: His cat is more large than my dog.
Correct: His cat is larger than my dog.
2. For two-syllable adjectives not ending in -y and for all
three-or-more-syllable adjectives, use the form “more
+ adjective.
EX:
Correct: This house is more exciting than ever.
Incorrect: This house is excitinger than ever.
3. For two-syllable adjectives ending in -y, change the -y
to -i and add -er.
Ex:
Correct: Mike is funnier than Isaac.
Incorrect: Mike is more funny than Isaac
SUPERLATIVE:

- When comparing more than two things, you’ll likely

use words and phrases like smallest, biggest, tallest,
most interesting, and least interesting. Notice the -est
ending and the words most and least. Make sure you
use the proper ending or superlative adjective when
forming these superlatives.
 Ex:
Incorrect: Martha is the elder of the four sisters.
Correct: Martha is the eldest of the four sisters.
* If there were only two sisters, we could use the
comparative elder here. Because there are four sisters,
we need a superlative.
Ex:
I think his third book was the most interesting.
That must be the weirdest play ever written.
*Remember that adjectives ending in -y change their
spelling when -est is added. To form these superlatives,
change the y to an i before adding the -est ending,
Incorrect: That is the sleepyest puppy of the litter.
Correct: That is the sleepiest puppy of the litter
FORMING COMPARATIVE AND
SUPERLATIVE OF IRREGULAR
ADJECTIVES

 *It’s important to note that there are irregular

adjectives (and adverbs) that you have to memorize
because they don’t follow the rules above. They are:
Adjective/Adverb Comparative Superlative
-Good/well better best
-Bad/badly worse worst
-Far farther , the farthest,
further the furthest
-little less least
EX:
 Today I had the best time touring the city.
 I went farther than my friend when we walked around
the park.
 You dance better than I do.
 You bought the least attractive pair of moccasins at the
thrift store.
 He can run the farthest of his classmates, but that’s
only once around the track.
Sentence Meaning(4 main types)
 Sentences can be classified into imperative,
interrogative, assertive (declarative) and exclamatory
sentences. These sentences can be transformed into
different form without changing the meaning of the
sentence. This process is known as transformation of
sentences. The various types of transformation can be:
1. Assertive or Declarative
Sentence

- A sentence that makes a statement or assertion is called

an assertive or declarative sentence. Assertive sentence
ends with a period.
Ex:
He goes to school.
He likes to play chess.
2. Interrogative Sentence

- A sentence that asks a question is called an

interrogative sentence. Interrogative sentence ends
with question mark.
Ex:
Where are you going?
Do you use your laptop?
3. Imperative Sentence

- A sentence that expresses a request, command or

advice is called an imperative sentence.
Ex:
 Open the door. (an order)
 Please help me. (a request)
4. Exclamatory Sentence

- A sentence that expresses strong feelings or emotions is

called an exclamatory sentence. These sentences
express surprise, joy, sorrow, appreciation, love
excitement, frustration, anger etc. An exclamatory
sentence ends with exclamation mark.
Ex:
What a beautiful flower it is!
How nicely she is singing!
ASSERTIVE INTO INTERROGATIVE
SENTECE

ASSERTIVE:
-is a sentence that states a fact. Such sentences are
simple statements. They state, assert, or declare
something.
Example:
Jan is a student.
She lives in a big city.
 INTERROGATIVE:
-An interrogative sentence asks a direct question and is
punctuated at the end with a question mark.
Example:
What are you doing?
9 RULES

 Rule 1: If the sentence is in the affirmative you have to

change it into negative interrogative. If it is in negative
then you have to change it into bare interrogative.
Ex:
Ass: He was very gentle.
Int: wasn't he very gentle?
Aff: He is not a good person.
Int: Is he a good person?
 Rule 2: No auxiliary verb in sentence →→ Change it
by using →→ Do/does/did Or Don't/doesn't/didn't.
Ex:
Ass: He plays Football.
Int: Does he play football?
 Rule3: Never → Replaced by → Ever.
Ex:
Ass: I never drink tea.
Int: Do I ever drink tea?
 Rule 4: Everybody/everyone/ All → Replaced by →
Who + Don't/ Doesn't/ Didn't
Ex:
Ass: Everybody wishes to be happy.
Int : Who doesn't wish to be happy?
 Rule 5: Every + noun → Replaced by → Is there any +
noun+ Who don't/doesn't/didn't.
Ex:
Ass: Every man wishes to be happy.
Int: Is there any man who doesn't wish to be happy?
 Rule 6: No body/ no one / None → Replaced by →
Who
Ex:
Ass: Nobody could count my love for you.
Int: Who could ever count my love for you?
 Rule 7: There is no → Replaced by → Is there any/
Who (person)/ What (thing).
Ex:
Ass: There is no use of this law.
Int: What is the use of this law?
 Rule 8: It Is no → Replaced by → Is there any/Why.
Ex:
Ass: It is no use of taking unfair means in the exam.
Int: Why take unfair means in the exam
 Rule 9: It doesn’t matter → Replaced by → what
though/ Does it matter.
Ex:
Ass: It does not matter if you fail in the exam.
Int: What though if you fail in the exam?
AFFIRMATIVE TO NEGATIVE:

 Affirmative- means the sentences which are used to

describe any general action, event, speech or
expression.
Ex:
I want to visit the place as soon as possible.
We got the message a few days ago from John.
 Negative- means the sentences which are used to
express the negative expressions in case of daily acts,
events, speeches, and so on.
Ex:
I do not want to visit the place as soon as possible.
We didn’t get the message a few days ago from John.
10 RULES CONVERTING

 Rule 1:
 Affirmative: Only
 Negative:
None but (in case of any person)
Nothing but (in case of anything or material)
Not more than/Not less than (in case of idea or age).
 Ex: Only your brother can solve the problem.
= None but your brother can solve the problem.
 The boy has only two tickets of tomorrow.
= The boy has nothing but two tickets for tomorrow.
 He got only 45% marks in English paper.
= He got not more than/not less than 45% marks in
English paper.
Rule 2:
 Affirmative: Must
 Negative: Cannot but + base form of verb/Cannot
help + (verb + ing)
Ex: He must visit the flood affected people of this
village. = He cannot but visit the flood affected
people of this village. / He cannot help visiting the
flood affected people of this village.
Rule 3:
 Affirmative: Every
 Negative: There is no…..but… / There is no….without….
Ex:
Every person hankers after the happiness in life
= There is no person but hankers after the happiness in
life.
Every action has a reaction in this world.
= There is no action without reaction in this world.
 Rule 4:
 Affirmative: As soon as…
 Negative: No sooner had…than
Ex: As soon as the teachers came, all the students stood
up in the class. = No sooner had the teacher came than
all students stood up in the class.
 Rule 5:
 Affirmative: Always
 Negative: Never + opposite word of the affirmative
word
Ex: The student is always late in his class. = The student
is never punctual in his class.
 Rule 6:
 Affirmative: Both…and
 Negative: Not only…but also
Ex: Both Rony and your brother broke the tree last night.
= Not only Rony but also your brother broke the tree
last night.
 Rule 7:
 Affirmative: Too…to…
 Negative: So…that + subject + cannot/could not + verb
+ object
Ex: The old man was too weak to carry the load now. =
The old man was so weak that he could not carry the
load now.
 Rule 8:
 Affirmative: As…as...
 Negative: Not less…than…
Ex: The tiger is as fast as the lion. = The tiger is not less
fast than the lion.
 Rule 9:
 Affirmative: Superlative degree/comparative degree
 Negative: Positive Degree
Ex: He is the best student in this class at present. / He is
better student than any other student in this class at
present. = No other student in this class is good as he
at present.
 Rule 10:
 Affirmative: Universal truth
 Negative: Auxiliary verb + subject + not + verb +
object?
Ex: The sun rises in the east. = Does the sun not rise in
the east?
THANK YOU!