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Lec1 Introduction To RM

This document provides an introduction to research methods. It defines research as a systematic, methodical, and ethical process of inquiry and investigation. The main purposes of research are to review existing knowledge, investigate problems or situations, provide solutions, explain new phenomena, and generate new knowledge. The document outlines different types of research including exploratory, descriptive, analytical, predictive, quantitative, and qualitative research. It also discusses key research approaches, processes, philosophies, and methodologies.

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Niro Amador
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73 views

Lec1 Introduction To RM

This document provides an introduction to research methods. It defines research as a systematic, methodical, and ethical process of inquiry and investigation. The main purposes of research are to review existing knowledge, investigate problems or situations, provide solutions, explain new phenomena, and generate new knowledge. The document outlines different types of research including exploratory, descriptive, analytical, predictive, quantitative, and qualitative research. It also discusses key research approaches, processes, philosophies, and methodologies.

Uploaded by

Niro Amador
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Research

Methods
What is research?

Process of enquiry and investigation


It is: Systematic
 Methodical
 Ethical
The purpose of Research is to:

Review or synthesize existing knowledge


Investigate existing situation or problems
Provide solutions to problems
Explain new phenomenon
Generate new knowledge
Types of Research 1
 Exploratory  Descriptive
 This type of research is  Used to identify and
undertaken when few or classify the
no previous studies exist elements/characteristics
 Aim: look for patterns, of a specific subject
hypotheses or ideas that
can be tested  Quantitative techniques
 Research techniques: are often used to collect
case studies/observation and analyse data
and review of previous
related studies
Types of Research 2
 Analytical  Predictive
 Often extends the  Aim: to speculate on
Descriptive approach future possibilities
to suggest and based on close
explain why or how analysis of available
something is evidence of cause
happening and effect
 Important to locate
and identify the
different factors or
variables involved
Research Approaches

There are three main approaches:


Quantitative/Qualitative
Applied/Basic
Deductive/Inductive
Quantitative/Qualitative research
 Quantitative  Qualitative
 Emphasis: on  More subjective in
collecting and nature
analysing numerical  Involves examining
data and reflecting on less
 Concentrates on tangible aspects of
measuring the research such as:
scale/range/frequency values, attitudes,
etc. of phenomena perceptions
Inductive/Deductive research
 Deductive  Inductive

 It moves from general  Moves from particular


ideas/theories to situations to make or
specific & particular infer broad general
situations: he ideas/theories
particular is deduced
from the general
Basic/Applied

Basic research: aim is to improve


knowledge generally, wothout any
particular applied purpose in mind

Applied: is designed to apply its findings to


a particular situation
The Research Process

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)
Formulating Critical Research Research Data Data
& Clarifying Literature Objective Design Collection Analysis
Research Review /s
Topic

Writing
Up
Research philosophies
 Positivistic  Phenomenological
 Used in science  Perspective that human behaviour
 Seeks out the facts or causes of is not easily measured as
any social phenomena in a phenomena in the natural
systematic way sciences
 Founded on the belief that the  Human motivation: shaped by
study of human behaviour should factors we cannot always measure
be conducted in the same way as such as inner thought processes
studies conducted in the natural  Concerned with understanding
science behaviour from the participants’
 Seek to identify/measure/evaluate own subjective frames of
phenomena + provide rational reference
explanation for it  Methods: try to explain and
describe, translate and interpret
events from the perspective of the
people who are the subject of
research
Research methodologies
 Positivistic:  Phenomenological

 Surveys  Case studies


 Experimental studies  Participative Enquiry
 Cross-sectional  Ethnography
studies (participant
observation)
Difference between methodology and
method 1
 Methodology: Refers to the overall approaches
and perspectives to research process as a
whole
 Concerned with the following issues:
1. Why you collect certain data
2. What data you collected
3. Where you collected it
4. How you collected it
5. How you analysed it
Difference between methodology and
method 2
A research method refers only to the
various specific tools or ways data can be
collected and analysed
For example; a questionnaire; interview;
data analysis software etc.

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