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Stand Alone PV System-M4

The document discusses stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems and their configuration. It describes stand-alone systems as off-grid electricity systems that include generation, storage, and regulation. Typical stand-alone PV system configurations include PV modules directly powering DC loads, modules charging batteries which then power loads, and larger systems with batteries, inverters, and backup power. The document provides details on module selection, charge controllers, charging lead-acid batteries, and examples of common stand-alone system applications.

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Chandra Bose Kn
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102 views

Stand Alone PV System-M4

The document discusses stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems and their configuration. It describes stand-alone systems as off-grid electricity systems that include generation, storage, and regulation. Typical stand-alone PV system configurations include PV modules directly powering DC loads, modules charging batteries which then power loads, and larger systems with batteries, inverters, and backup power. The document provides details on module selection, charge controllers, charging lead-acid batteries, and examples of common stand-alone system applications.

Uploaded by

Chandra Bose Kn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• K.N.

Chandra Bose
• Asso.Professor
Syllabus 04 EE 6308 • Electrical Engg. Dept.
• Govt. Engg. College, Idukki
MODULE - IV

Stand alone PV system configuration

Design of PV powered DC fan and pump without battery – Design


of stand alone system with Battery and AC or DC Load.

A grid interactive PV system – phase, frequency matching and


voltage consideration – operation of a grid interactive Inverter –
Protection against Islanding and reverse power flow – AC modules
– Design of EMI filters.
Classification of solar PV system?
What is stand alone PV solar system?

 Stand-alone Photovoltaic system is one that is not


designed to send power to the utility grid.

 Thus does not require a grid-tie inverter (but it may


still use grid power for backup).
 In detail a stand-alone power system (SAPS or SPS),
also known as remote area power supply (RAPS), is an
off-the-grid electricity system.

 Typical SAPS include one or more methods of electricity


generation, energy storage, and regulation.
 Stand-alone systems can range from a simple DC load
that can be powered directly from the PV module to ones
that include battery storage, an ac inverter, or a backup
power supply.

 Stand-alone systems can have a DC or AC output, which


is determined based on the load requirements.
 The most common output voltages for small systems are
12 V, 24 V, 48 V and higher used with larger systems.

 As in the case of any electrical system, national electrical


codes and general electrical safety rules, including
manufacturer’s recommendations for wire size,
grounding, and required environment for the various
components, need to be followed.
Stand alone PV system configuration

 The heart of a solar electrical system is the PV module,


which needs to be able to provide power for the loads in
the system and to charge batteries when they are used for
backup power.
 The module selected depends on the load requirements
and the batteries used.

 For a 12 V system, the PV module needs to provide about 20 V


to charge batteries reliably. For a 24 V system, the PV module
should provide 40 V.
 It regulates the voltage and current coming from the solar
panels going to the battery.

 Most 12 Volt panels deliver about 16 to 20 volts, so if there is


no regulation the batteries will be damaged from
overcharging.

 Most batteries need around 14 to 14.5 volts to get fully


charged.
 Charging of Lead Acid Battery

 The lead acid battery uses the constant current,


constant voltage (CC/CV) charge method.

 A regulated current raises the terminal voltage until


the upper charge voltage limit is reached, at which
point the current drops due to saturation.
 During the constant-current charge, the battery charges
to about 70% in 5 – 8 hours.

 Remaining 30% is filled with the slower topping charge


that lasts another 7–10 hours.

 The topping charge is essential for the well-being of the


battery
 Configuration

 Stand-alone PV system configuration consists various


conditions which increases the complexity of system. The
power output can range from less than 1 W for a small
calculator to over 10 kW.

 Systems larger than 10 kW are more effective as grid-tie


systems.
System Components Typical Applications

DC ventilation fans, small water pumps such as


PV module and DC circulating pumps for solar thermal water heating
1
load. systems, and other DC loads that do not require
electrical storage.
DC loads that require specific DC voltages but do
PV module, DC/DC not require storage, such as a charging station for
converter (power
2 certain electric vehicles or DC water pumps. This
conditioning), and DC
load. configuration is also useful for miniature
applications such as calculators.
System Components Typical Applications

DC loads that require power even when there is no


PV module, charge solar input, such as small yard lights, traffic
controller/battery
3 warning lights, and buoy power, or mobile and
storage, and DC load.
remote power for recreational vehicles (RVs) and
communication systems.
PV module, charge
controller/battery AC and DC loads, including appliances such as
4
storage, inverter, and refrigerators and lights.
DC and DC loads.
System Components Typical Applications
PV module, charge AC and DC systems where there is large seasonal
controller and battery
storage (optional), variation in solar input. The supplementary power
5 inverter, can be from any other power-generating system
supplementary
such as a wind generator, a gas generator, or the
generation, and DC
and DC loads. utility grid.

Design of PV powered DC fan



Design of PV powered pump without battery



Design of Stand alone PV system with battery and
AC or DC load



Grid Interactive PV system

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