Scribd
Upload
62 views

Introduction To Communication Systems

This document discusses various topics related to communication systems including: 1. It defines simplex, full duplex, and half duplex communication and provides examples of each. 2. It describes analog and digital modulation methods such as amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, phase-shift keying, and quadrature amplitude modulation. 3. It explains multiplexing techniques including space, frequency, time, and code division multiplexing. 4. It outlines the electromagnetic spectrum and defines frequency, wavelength, and bandwidth. It also categorizes and describes frequency ranges from extremely low to extremely high.

Uploaded by

Ela Yolanda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
62 views

Introduction To Communication Systems

This document discusses various topics related to communication systems including: 1. It defines simplex, full duplex, and half duplex communication and provides examples of each. 2. It describes analog and digital modulation methods such as amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, phase-shift keying, and quadrature amplitude modulation. 3. It explains multiplexing techniques including space, frequency, time, and code division multiplexing. 4. It outlines the electromagnetic spectrum and defines frequency, wavelength, and bandwidth. It also categorizes and describes frequency ranges from extremely low to extremely high.

Uploaded by

Ela Yolanda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

Prepared by:

Lenlyn M. Villena
 Itis the process of exchanging
information

Two barriers to human communication:


1. Language
2. Distance
 SIMPLEX
• Simplest way in which
electronic communication
is conducted
• One way communication
• Examples:
 Radio broadcasting
 TV broadcasting
 Remote controlled toys
 FULL DUPLEX
• Two-way communication
• Both parties or ends can simultaneously send
and receive data or information
 HALF DUPLEX
• Two-way communication in which only one party
transmits at a time
 MODULATION
• process of varying one or more properties of a
periodic waveform, called the carrier signal, with a
modulating signal that typically contains information to
be transmitted

ANALOG MODULATION METHODS


 AMPLITUDE MODULATION
 ANGLE MODULATION
 FREQUENCY MODULATION
 PHASE MODULATION

DIGITAL MODULATION METHODS


 PHASE-SHIFT KEYING
 FREQUENCY-SHIFT KEYING
 AMPLITUDE-SHIFT KEYING
 QUADRATURE AMPLITUDE MODULATION
 MULTIPLEXING
• method by which multiple analog or digital
signals are combined into one signal over
a shared medium.

TYPES:
 SPACE-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
 FREQUENCY-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
 TIME-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
 CODE-DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
 Electromagnetic Spectrum
• range of electromagnetic signals encompassing all
frequencies

 FREQUENCY
• number of times a particular phenomenon occurs in
a given period of time
• In electronics, frequency is the number of cycles of a
repetitive wave that occurs in a given time period.

 WAVELENGTH
• distance occupied by one cycle of a wave, and it is
usually expressed in meters
 Extremely Low Frequencies.
• Extremely low frequencies (ELFs) are in the 30-300Hz
range. These include ac power line frequencies (50
and 60 Hz are common), as well as those frequencies
in the low end of the human audio range.

 Voice Frequencies.
• Voice frequencies (VFs) are in the range of 300 to
3000 Hz. This is the normal range of human speech.
Although human hearing extends from
approximately 20 to 20,000 Hz, most intelligible
sound occurs in the VF range.
 Very Low Frequencies.
• Very low frequencies (VLFs) extend from 9 kHz to
30 kHz and include the higher end of the human
hearing range up to about 15 or 20 kHz. Many
musical instruments make sounds in this range
as well as in the ELF and VF ranges.
 Low Frequencies.
• Low frequencies (LFs) are in the 30- to 300-kHz
range. Frequencies in this range are also used as
subcarriers, signals that are modulated by the
baseband information.
 Medium Frequencies.
• Medium frequencies (MFs) are in the 300- to 3000-
kHz (0.3- to 3.0-MHz) range. The major application of
frequencies in this range is AM radio broadcasting
(535 to 1605 kHz).

 High Frequencies.
• High frequencies (HFs) are in the 3- to 30-MHz range.
These are the frequencies generally known as short
waves. All kinds of simplex broadcasting and half
duplex two-way radio communication take place in
this range.
 Very High Frequencies.
• Very high frequencies (VHFs) encompass the 30-
to 300-MHz range.

 Ultrahigh Frequencies.
• Ultrahigh frequencies (UHFs) encompass the 300-
to 3000-MHz range. This, too, is a widely used
portion of the frequency spectrum. It includes
the UHF TV channels 14 through 51, and it is
used for land mobile communication and
services
 Microwaves and SHFs.
• Frequencies between the 1000-MHz (1-GHz) and 30-GHz range
are called microwaves. Microwave ovens usually operate at 2.45
GHz. Superhigh frequencies (SHFs) are in the 3- to 30-GHz
range.

 Extremely High Frequencies.


• Extremely high frequencies (EHFs) extend from 30 to 300 GHz.
Electromagnetic signals with frequencies higher than 30 GHz
are referred to as millimeter waves.

 Frequencies Between 300 GHz and the Optical


Spectrum.
• This portion of the spectrum is virtually uninhabited. It is a
cross between RF and optical. Lack of hardware and
components limits its use.
 portion of the electromagnetic spectrum
occupied by a signal.
 the frequency range over which a
receiver or other electronic circuit
operates.
 difference between the upper and lower
frequency limits of the signal or the
equipment operation range.
BW = f2 - f1

You might also like