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Accident Causation, Theories and Concepts

The document discusses several theories of accident causation including: 1) Domino Theory which views accidents as resulting from a chain of human errors. 2) Human Factors Theory which attributes accidents to overload, inappropriate worker responses, or activities due to physical, psychological, and environmental factors. 3) Systems Theory which sees accidents arising from interactions between humans, machines, and the environment within a system.

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Nazareth Balmaceda
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58 views15 pages

Accident Causation, Theories and Concepts

The document discusses several theories of accident causation including: 1) Domino Theory which views accidents as resulting from a chain of human errors. 2) Human Factors Theory which attributes accidents to overload, inappropriate worker responses, or activities due to physical, psychological, and environmental factors. 3) Systems Theory which sees accidents arising from interactions between humans, machines, and the environment within a system.

Uploaded by

Nazareth Balmaceda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ACCIDENT

CAUSATION,
THEORIES AND
CONCEPTS
• Domino Theory
• Human Factors Theory
• Accident / Incident Theory
• Epidemiological Theory
• Systems Theory

Theories of Accident
Causation
Domino Theory
Herbert Heinrich - as a
pioneering
occupational safety
researcher, whose 1931
publication Industrial
Accident Prevention: A
Scientific
Approach [Heinrich,
1931]
• Engineering – Control hazards through product
design or process change
• Education – Train workers regarding all facets
of safety – Impose on management that attention
to safety pays off
• Enforcement – Insure that internal and external
rules, regulations, and standard operating
procedures are followed by workers as well as
management.

Heinrich’s Domino Theory – Corrective


Action Sequence (The three “E”s)
Attributes accidents to a chain of
events that were ultimately the
result of human error.

Human Factors Theory


OVERLOAD - The work task is beyond the
capability of the worker
1. Includes physical and psychological
factors
2. Influenced by environmental factors,
internal factors, and situational factors
INAPPROPRIATE WORKER RESPONSE
- To hazards and safety measures (worker’s
fault)
- To incompatible work station
(management, environment faults)
• INAPPROPRIATE ACTIVITIES
- Lack of training and misjudgment of
risk But the structure of this theory is
still a cause/effect format.
Extension of human factors theory. Here the
following new elements are introduced:
• Ergonomic traps – These are incompatible work
stations, tools or expectations (management failure)
• Decision to mistaken – Unconscious or conscious
(personal failure)
• Systems failure – Management failure (policy,
training, etc.)

ACCIDENT/INCIDENT
THEORY
–This field studies relationship
between environmental factors
and disease
- Current trend includes a
broader perspective of
industrial hygiene issues.
–Industrial Hygiene concerns
environmental issues that can
lead to sickness, disease,
impaired health.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL THEORY
Two key components:
1 Predisposition characteristics
• tendencies may predispose worker to
certain actions
2 Situational characteristics
• peer pressure, poor attitude, risk taking
• Accident arise from
interactions among human,
machines and the environment
-System is a group of interacting
and interrelated components that
form a unified whole.
Host (People) Agent
(Machinery) Environment

SYSTEM THEORY
BEHAVIORAL THEORY
• Self-efficacy — A judgment of one’s ability to
perform the behavior.
• Outcome Expectations — A judgment of the
likely consequences a behavior will produce. The
importance of these expectations (i.e.,
expectancies) may also drive behavior.
• Self-Control — The ability of an individual to
control their behaviors.
• Reinforcements — Something that increases or
decreases the likelihood a behavior will continue.
• Emotional Coping — The ability of an
individual to cope with emotional stimuli.
•Observational Learning — The
acquisition of behaviors by observing
actions and outcomes of others’ behavior.
THANKS YOU 

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