BASIC RESEARCH

APPLIED
RESEARCH DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
ANALYTICAL RESEARCH

TYPES OF
RESEARCH
EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
1. Basic Research
Research for sake of
increasing
knowledge.
It is conducted to
study theory
questions without
trying to solve
specific problem.

Ex: What is a proton

made of.
2. Applied Research

Research attempts
to solve problems.

It utilizes principles
for solution for a
problem.

Ex: Finding a cure for

cancer.
 3. DESCRIPTIVE
RESEARCH
MEANING
• A descriptive study is one in which
information is collected without
changing the environment (i.e.,
nothing is manipulated).
• Present trends, beliefs, public mind,
their viewpoint and attitudes, their
effects or development of new trends
are described.
4. ANALYTICAL RESEARCH

MEANING
• In this, the researcher has to use facts or
information already available, and analyze
them to make critical evaluation of the
material.
• It involves the in-depth study and evaluation
of available information in an attempt to
explain complex phenomenon.
 DESCRIPTIVE ANALYTICAL
• In this, we can describe the • In this, we can analyze the
situation. situation.
• For describing the • For analysis of data, data
situation, we collect data will be already available.
through different • EX: Population data.
collection methods.
• EX: Human behavior,
buying behavior of
consumers in a particular
season.
5. EMPIRICAL RESEARCH

Empirical means experience or data

derived from observation or
experiment.
It derives knowledge from actual
experience rather than from theory
or belief.
Empirical research articles are
published in scholarly, peer-viewed
(or referred) journals.
 OBSERVATION:
Collecting and
organizing empirical
facts and forming
hypothesis

EVALUATION: INDUCTION:
Evaluating the Formulating
result of testing EMPIRICAL hypothesis
RESEARCH
CYCLE

DEDUCTION:
TESTING:
Deducting
Testing the consequences of
hypothesis hypothesis as
testable predictions.
 Correlation & Descriptive
Explanatory Research
Research Design Exploratory
Design
Research Design

Casual
Experimental Types Of Research
Research
Design Research Design
Design

Conclusive Diagnostic
Research Research
Design Observational Design
Research Design
DIAGNOSTIC AND OBSERVATIONAL
RESEARCH DESIGN
 Diagnostic Research Design determines the frequency of
occurrence of something or its association with something else .
 Diagnostic research design focuses on objective of the study, identifying
and examining the problem and reporting the findings .
 Diagnostic research describes, analyses and interprets prevailing
situation .it suggests remedial measures or alternative courses of action
for future .

 Observational Research Design is a type of non-experimental

research in which researcher observes ongoing behaviour .
 Observational research is particularly common in social sciences and in
marketing .
 While collecting information under observational research design, the
researcher can act as participant observer or non participant observer .
 Observational research design can also be structured or unstructured .
 OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES
What do these studies tell you ?
(1.) Observational studies are usually flexible and do not necessarily need to be
structured around a hypothesis about what you expect to observe .
(2.) The researcher is able to collect in-depth information about a particular
behavior.
(3.)Can reveal interrelationships among multifaceted dimensions of group
interactions.
(4.) You can generalize your results to real life situations.

What these studies don't tell you?

(1.) Reliability of data is low because seeing behaviors occur over and over
again may be a time consuming task and are difficult to replicate.
(2.) In observational research, findings may only reflect a unique sample
population and, thus, cannot be generalized to other groups.
(3.) There can be problems with bias as the researcher may only "see what they
want to see.“ Sources or subjects may not all be equally credible.
(4.) There is no possibility to determine "cause and effect" relationships since
nothing is manipulated.
 DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
MEANING
• Descriptive research is a study designed to depict the participants
in an accurate way. More simply put, descriptive research is all
about describing people who take part in the study.

Purposes
• Describe characteristics of group
• Determine proportion of people who act a certain way
• Make predictions
• Determine relationships between variables

Types
• Longitudinal
• Cross-sectional
Exploratory research design is research conducted for a problem that
has not been studied more clearly, establishes priorities, develops
operational definitions and improve the final research design.

For eg:
An advertising company got an
account for a new coffee containing
chicory, the company started the
investigation process with
exploratory research in order to
identify the situation. The researchers
found that virtually no one had heard
about chicory. It wasn’t being used,
and no-one seemed to know how to
put it to use. This resulted in the
hypothesis that the advertising could
depict the chicory ingredient in way
the customer desired.
 Purpose
• Does a change in X
cause a change in
Y?
MEANING Experiments
The investigation into an Laboratory
issue or topic that looks
at the effect of one thing
experiments
or variable on another. Field experiments

CAUSAL
RESEARC
H
DESIGN
 CORRELATION RESEARCH
DESIGN
• In general, a correlational study is a quantitative method
of research in which you have 2 or more quantitative
variables from the same group of participants, & you are
trying to determine if there is a relationship (or co
variation) between the 2 variables.
 EXPLANATORY RESEARCH
DESIGN
• Explanatory Research is conducted for a problem which was not well
researched before, demands priorities, generates operational definitions and
provides a better-researched model.
• It is actually a type of research design which focuses on explaining the aspects
of your study in a detailed manner.

1. Descriptive research can tell that 20% of the students are failed in
exam. Explanatory research can tell what is the reason behind this
failure.
2. Descriptive research answers that a computer system with more RAM
have more speed. Explanatory research answers the question that why
a computer system with more RAM have more speed as compared to
computer system with less RAM.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN

The researcher selects participants It is unique in two important aspects:

and divides them into two or more
1. Only type of research that attempts
groups having similar
to influence a particular variable.
characteristics and then, applies the
treatment(s) to the groups and 2. Best type of research for testing
measures the effects upon the hypothesis about cause and effect
groups. relationships.

1. The researcher manipulates the

independent variable. Experimental research looks at
the following variables:
2. Researchers decide the nature and
extent of the treatment. 1. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
3. After the treatment has been (treatment)
administered, researchers observe or 2. DEPENDENT VARIABLE
measure the groups receiving the (outcome).
treatments to see if they differ.
CONCLUSIVE RESEARCH DESIGN
• MEANING • PURPOSE

Conclusive research is The purpose is to provide

meant to provide a reliable or
information that is representative picture of
the population through
useful in reaching
the use of a valid research
conclusions. It tends to instrument. In the case of
be quantitative in formal research, it will
nature. also test hypothesis.

a. It does not undertake a. It is based on large

qualitative research. representative samples.
b. It is applied to generate
b. This research findings that are useful in
partially clarifies the reaching conclusions.
situation.
c. It is formal and
structured research.

• CONS • PROS
MADE BY:
VIDYA IYENGAR F.16.14
KALPHANA TAMBI F.16.53
SUBBULAXMI THEVAR F.16.55
KALYANI THEVER F.16.56
ANJALI DINESH F.16.61
POOJA BIRAJDAR F.16.65
KRITHIGA KOUNDER F.16.77