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Hyperloop 1

The document describes the Hyperloop high-speed transportation concept. It proposes transporting passengers and freight in pods or capsules through a low pressure tube system, propelled by linear electric motors and air bearings, at speeds exceeding airline travel. Key components include the steel tubes supported by pylons, capsules carrying passengers or vehicles, compressors and air bearings within capsules, linear accelerators along the tube for propulsion, and energy storage. The capsules would accelerate gradually to cruising speed and glide above the track without friction for high efficiency. Advantages include low cost, high speed, sustainability, and earthquake resistance, while challenges include tube pressurization and equipment failures.

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Sourabh Raorane
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279 views

Hyperloop 1

The document describes the Hyperloop high-speed transportation concept. It proposes transporting passengers and freight in pods or capsules through a low pressure tube system, propelled by linear electric motors and air bearings, at speeds exceeding airline travel. Key components include the steel tubes supported by pylons, capsules carrying passengers or vehicles, compressors and air bearings within capsules, linear accelerators along the tube for propulsion, and energy storage. The capsules would accelerate gradually to cruising speed and glide above the track without friction for high efficiency. Advantages include low cost, high speed, sustainability, and earthquake resistance, while challenges include tube pressurization and equipment failures.

Uploaded by

Sourabh Raorane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HYPERLOOP

Presented By : Ruturaj Raorane.


TE Production
Roll No: 55
CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 CONCEPT
 THEN-NOW
 WHAT IS HYPERLOOP?
 COMPONENTS OF HYPERLOOP
 CONSTRUCTION
 WORKING PRINCIPLE
 ADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGES
 CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
 Hyperloop is proposed mode of passenger and freight transportation that
propells a pod like vehicle through a near-vacuum tube at more than airline
speed .
 The concept of high speed travel in tubes has been around for decades, but
there has been a resurgence in interest in pneumatic tube transportation
since the concept was introduced, using updated technology by Elon Musk
after 2012.
THE CONCEPT
 A capsule full of people in low pressure tube elevated on pylon goes really
fast.
THEN-NOW
 Hyperloop concept was invented and designed in 1812 by British
mechanical engineer George Wenger.
 That system, moved carriages with pressurized air. The air was extracted
from a pipe that ran between the rails by pumping station situated roughly
every three miles along the route creating vaccum.
 A piston contained within this pipe was connected to the train, which pulled
it forward.
 Despite it’s initial success that made the vaccum pipe air tight soon began
to fail causing air to leak from system and Brunel’s railway was abandoned.
 The concept Hyperloop is now developed and redesigned by the billionaire
Elon Musk in 2012.
WHAT IS HYPERLOOP?
 Existing conventional modes of transportation of people consists of four
unit types: rail, road, water and air. These modes of transports tends to be
either relatively slow (i.e. road and water), expensive (i.e. air) or
combination of relatively slow and expensive.
 It is fifth mode generation of transportation.
 Hyperloop is new mode of transport that seeks to change this paradigm by
being both fast and inexpensive for people and goods.
 Hyperloop consists of a low pressure tube with capasules that are
transported at both low and high speeds through the lengths of the tube.
COMPONENTS OF HYPERLOOP
 TUBES:
1. The tube is made of steel. Two tubes will be welded together in a side by
side configuration to allow capsule to travel in both directions.
2. Pylons are placed at every 100 ft to support the tubes.
3. Solar arrays will cover the top of the tube in order to provide power to the system.
4. Tubes are made by a material ‘Verbanium’.
CAPSULE
 Sealed capsule carrying 28 passengers each that travel along the interior of
the tube.
 A larger system has also been sized that allows transport of three full size
automobiles with the passenger to travel in capsule.
 The capsules are supported via air bearings that operate using a compressed
air reservoir and aerodynamic lift.
PROPULSION
 Linear accelerators are constructed along the length of tube at various
locations to accelerate the capsule.
 Stators are located on capsule via linear accelerators.
 The propulsion system has these basic requirements:
1. Accelerate the capsule from 0 to 300 mph (480 kph) for relatively low
speed travel in urban areas.
2. To maintain the capsule at 300 mph (480kph as necessary, including
during ascents over mountain surroundings.
3. To accelerate the capsule from 300 to 760 mph (480 to 1220 kph) at 1g
at beginning of long costing section along the 1-5 corridor.
4. To decelerate the capsule back to 300 mph at the end of corridor.
CONSTRUCTION
 PYLONS/PILLARS:
 The tube will be supported by pillars which constrain the tube in the
vertical direction but allow longitudinal slip for thermal expansion as
well as dampened lateral slip to reduce the risk posed by earthquakes.
 These minimally constrained pillars to tube joints will also allow a
smoother ride. Specially designed slip joints at each stations will be able
take any tube length variance due to thermal expansion .
 The average spacing is 100 ft (30 m), which means there will be near 25,000
pillars supporting both tubes and solar panels. The pillars will be 20 ft (6 m)
tall whenever possible but may vary in height in hilly areas or where
obstacles are in the way.
CAPSULES

 COMPRESSORS:
 One important feature of the capsule is the onboard compressor, which
serves two purposes. This system allows the capsule to traverse the
relatively narrow tube without choking flow that travels between the
capsule and the tube walls by compressing air that is bypassed through the
capsule.
 It also supplies air to air bearings that support the weight of thecapsule
throughout the journey.
 The compressor is powered by a 1,160 hp (865 kW) onboard electric
motor . The motor has an estimated mass of 606 lb (275 kg), which
includes power electronics.
AIR BEARINGS AND SUSPENSIONS
 Air bearings (also known as aerostatical or aerodynamical bearings) are
that bearings that use thin film of pressurized air to provide an exceedingly
low friction load-bearing interface between surfaces. The two surfaces do
not touch.
 Suspending the capsule within tube presents a substantial technical
challenge due to transonic cruising velocities. Conventional wheel and axle
systems become impractical at high speeds due to frictional losses and
dynamic instability.
 Externally pressurized and aerodynamic air bearings are well suited for the
Hyperloop due to exceptionally high stiffness, which is required to
maintain stability at high speeds.
 Used to break the Kantrowitz limit .
ROTOR
 The rotor of the linear accelerators is very simple – an aluminum blade 49 ft
(15m) long, 1.5 ft (0.45 m) tall, and 2 in. (50 mm) thick .
 Current flows mainly in the outer 0.4 in. (10 mm) of this blade, allowing it
to be hollow to decrease weight and cost.
 The gap between the rotor and the stator is 0.8 in. (20 mm) on each side.
 A combination of the capsule control system and electromagnetic
centering forces allows the capsule to safely enter, stay within, and exit
such a precise gap.
ENERGY STORAGE COMPONENTS
 Energy storage allows this linier acclerator to only draw its average power
of 8000 hp (6MW) (rather than peak power of 70,000 hp (52MW) from it’s
solar array.
 Building the energy storage element out of the same Lithium ion cells
available in the Tesla Model S is economical.
 A battery array with enough power capability to provide the worst-case
smoothing power has lot of energy- launching one capsule only uses 0.5%
of the total energy- so degradation due to cycling is not an issue.
STATOR
 The stator is mounted to the bottom of the tube over the entire 2.5 miles
(4.0 km) it takes to accelerate and decelerate between 300 and 760 mph (480
and 1,220 km). It is approximately 1.6 ft (0.5 m) wide (including the air
gap) and 4.0 in. (10 cm) tall, and weighs 530 lb/ft (800 kg/m).
 The number of turns per slot also varies along the length of the stator,
allowing the inverter to operate at nearly constant phase voltage, which
simplifies the power electronics design.
 The two halves of the stator require bracing to resist the magnetic forces
of 20 lbf/ft(300N/m) that try to bring them together.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
 Simply it have same principle as that of ‘air hockey’.
 The pods would accelerate to cruising speed gradually using linear electric
motors and guide above their track using passive magnetic leviation or air
bearings.
 It is leviated and propelled forward using powerful electromagnets. This
itself considerably reduces losses due to friction, as the train literally glide
over the track and is not in contact with the track. Hence there are no
friction losses allowing capsule to move at high velocity. The absence of air
in Hyperloop will further increase the efficiency by nearly eliminating
losses due to air drag and make it much faster.
 The capsules are supported on cushion of air, featuring pressurized air and
aerodynamic lift. The capsules are accelerated via magnetic linear
accelerator affixed at various stations on the low pressure tube with rotor
containing in each capsule.
 Residual air in tube is captured, compressed and forced through holes in
skis attached to the bottom of the capsule. The gap between skis and the
tube during operation is between 0.5 mm to 1.3 mm.
 The air pressure in tube is very low, a capsule travelling at 700 mph will
cause significant air pressure at the nose of vehicle, which must be
considered in the design. Since the tube has larger cross-section than
capsule, some air flows around the vehicle. So compressor fan that actively
transfer air from the front to rear of capsule must be installed.
ADVANTAGES
 Low cost than high speed trains.
 High speed than all other transportation methods.
 More convenient.
 Immune to weather.
 Earthquakes resistant.
 Sustainable self powering.
 Safer.
 More convenient.
DISADVANTAGES
 Tube pressurization.
 Less movable space for passengers.
 Turning will be critical.
 No answer for equipment malfunction, accidents, emergency evacuation.
 Experience could be frightening.
CONCLUSION
 As it has number of advantages it will very helpful for transport public as
well as goods in a very short time ( at top speed of 1220 kmph) and also in
low cost.
 I t is new concept so there is some future work will be
required for the development of this project.
THANK YOU

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