PLC

( PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER)

M. Nur Hidayatullah Adzani 13

Zulfikar Abror 24
 DEFINITION

•Programable logic controller (PLC) Is based

on a computer that only planned for
controlling a process or machine on industry
•The controlled process can be in the variable
regulation continuously, like in a servo system
or only controlled 2 situation (ON/OFF). But, it
is repeatedly like on conveyor machine and
others.
• Konsep pengontrolan yang dilakukan oleh
sebuah PLC adalah seperti gambar berikut ini.
•The concept of controlling a PLC is like the
following picture on next page.

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 HOW TO WORKS
• Central Processing Unit (CPU) Secara umum PLC terdiri dari
• Sistem antar muka input/output duakomponen penyusun utama :
I
O
U
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
N
P CPU
T
P
• Interface system input/output
U
U
T
T Function :
1. CPU Function is controlled all of PLC processed

• There is only 3 main components of the CPU compiler

Processor Memory A. Processor

B. Memory
Power supplay

C. Power Supply

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 SYMBOL
Push Button (Normally Open) Push Button (Normally Closed) Contact (Normally Open)

Limit Switch (Normally Open) Limit Switch (Normally Closed) Contact (Normally Closed)

Temperature Switch (Normally Open) Temperature Switch (Normally Closed) Relay Coil

Time Delay Switch (Normally Open) Time Delay Switch (Normally Closed) Pilot Light

Level Switch (Normally Open) Level Switch (Normally Closed) Buzzer

M
Proximity Switch (Normally Open) Proximity Switch (Normally Closed) Motor

Pressure Switch (Normally Open) Pressure Switch (Normally Closed) Solenoide

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 MAIN FUNCTION OPERATION

1. Logic Relay
Sequential Control Processing
2. Locking
input binary signals into outputs that are used for
3. Counting
processing sequential processing , the PLC keeps
4. Addition
all steps of the sequential process taking place in
the right order. 5. Reduction

6. Timing
Monitoring Plan
7. PID Control
Monitor a system (eg temperature, pressure, level
of height) and take the necessary actions in 8. BCD Operation

connection with the controlled process (eg the 9. Data Manipulation

value has exceeded the limit) or display the 10. Benchmark
message to the operator.
11. Shift

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 PLC ADVANTAGES THAN
CONVENSIONAL SYSTEM
CONVENSIONAL
PLC
SYSTEM

1. Wiring is easyly 1. Wiring is more complex.

2. Treatment takes a short time 2. Treatment takes a long time.

3. More simple system tracking. 3. Tracking errors takes a long time.

4. Power consumption is relatively low. 4. Relatively high power consumption.

5. Image documentation is simpler and 5. More image documentation.
easier to understand.
6. Modification of the system takes a
6. System modification is simpler and long time.
faster.

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 EQUIPMENT FOR
INPUT AND OUTPUT

Basically, PLC operation is relative

simple with using external equipment that
connected to the available input or output
modules. This equipment can be in the form of
INPUT OUTPUT
analog sensor, push button, limit switch, generator,
Selector Switch Annunciator
solenoid, lamp and others. On beside of the page Temperature Switch Alarm light
you can see the examples of input / output module Flow Switch Electric fan
Level Switch Indicating light
that usually found on PLC application
Pushbutton Electric valve
Motor starter contacts Alarm horn
Limit Switch Selenoid valve
Pressure Switch Motor starters
Relay Contact
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 SOFTWARE

• Basically, the PLC that using to control this equipment

is made and entered using a programming system
software. In this presentation we will using CX ONE as
a software to make a program of PLC

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 • PROGRAM EXAMPLE
PROGRAM LANGUAGE
There are 5 Programming method that have been
standardized by IEC ( International Electrical Commissions)
:

1. Ladder Diagram (LD)

2. Function Block Diagram (FBD)

3. Sequential Function Chart (SFC)

4. Structure Text (ST)

5. Instruction List (IL)

Althoug almost all PLC has supported five programming

methods, but the fact is many people is like to using first
method that is ladder diagram because easy using and not
make the programmer difficult

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 BASIC INTRUCTION OF
PLC
1. Counter instruction

2. Timer instruction

3. IL & ILCS Instruction ( Inter Lock & Inter Lock

Clear)

4. DIFU/DIFD Instruction

5. Holding Relay Instruction

6. Compare Instruction

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COUNTER INSTRUCTION

Counter instructions are used to calculate the

input entering the counter.

The way the counter instruction works is, When

the counter (CNT 0000) Gets the input as much as
the set value, it will activate the contact C0000 so
that the output (1.00) will be active. While to reset
the counter can use 0.01 input.

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 TIMER INSTRUCTION

In most control applications there are tools for some

aspects of timing control. PLC has timing facilities for programs that
can be used.

The general method of programming a timer circuit is to determine

the intervals calculated from a condition or condition . The working
method of the Timer instruction is, when the Timer (TIM 0000) gets
input as long as the set value activates the contact-contact (T0000).
More details can be seen in

Note: in one program the Counter and Timer number address

cannot be the same. For example, if the counter number is 0000,
the address of the timer cannot use the address 0000. The set value
timer is set x 10. So for example the desired value set is 10 seconds
then the set value is 10 seconds x 10 = # 100

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 IL & ILC INSTRUCTION

IL stands for Inter Lock while ILC stands for Clear

Interlock to lock the program. Usually IL and ILC
are used for the Emergency button. The workings
of IL and ILC instructions are, if the emergency
button (input 0.02) is pressed, all of the IL and ILC
instructions will not be active

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DIFU/DIFD INSTRUCTION

This control application functions to activate

output during one scan. To activate output during
a scan other than using DIFU / DIFD instructions
can also use contacts with differentiation up /
down. To make contact instructions with
differentiation up / down, click New Contact -
Details >> - Differentiation up / down

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 HOLDING RELAY
INSTRUCTION

Holding Relay is an internal relay that can be used

to hold the system that is working even though the
supply power is off, for example if the Power
Source / PLN is off, if the holding Relay is installed
then the process can continue further from the
start again

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COMPARE INSTRUCTION

This instruction is used to compare two data.

The way it works is if the D100 <D200 data then

output (1.02) will be active, if D100 = D200 then
the output (1.03) will be active, and if D100> D200
then the output (1.03) will be active.

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 DEVELOPMENT
Basically, using PLC on a industrial
activities is a development of
technology, and of course in next a few
years surely PLC will controlled using by
smartphone with internet. The
advantages of using PLC that is
connected to internet is the user or
worker will controlled the process or
machine more easily because no need to
check directly the process or machine.

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 EXAMPLE PROGRAM PLC

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 THANK YOU
F O R YO U R AT T E N T I O N ! ! !

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