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Basic Chemistry

Matter is any material substance that has mass and volume. It exists in three phases: solid, liquid, and gas. Solids have a definite shape and volume, liquids have an indefinite shape but definite volume, and gases have an indefinite shape and volume that can be compressed or expanded. Elements are pure substances that make up everything in the universe, such as carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and others. Atoms are the smallest particles that make up elements, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Molecules are formed when two or more atoms combine chemically to form new substances with unique properties. Compounds can be inorganic, consisting of non-carbon elements, or organic, containing carbon and usually hydrogen

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327 views

Basic Chemistry

Matter is any material substance that has mass and volume. It exists in three phases: solid, liquid, and gas. Solids have a definite shape and volume, liquids have an indefinite shape but definite volume, and gases have an indefinite shape and volume that can be compressed or expanded. Elements are pure substances that make up everything in the universe, such as carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and others. Atoms are the smallest particles that make up elements, consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Molecules are formed when two or more atoms combine chemically to form new substances with unique properties. Compounds can be inorganic, consisting of non-carbon elements, or organic, containing carbon and usually hydrogen

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Chemistry

Matter

Matter = any material


substance with Mass
& Volume
Matter comes in 3 phases

Solid Gas

Liquid
Solid

Definite Shape

Definite Volume
Liquid

Indefinite Shape –
takes the shape of the
container

Definite Volume
Gas

Indefinite Shape –
takes the shape of
the container

Indefinite Volume –
can expand and be
compressed
Elements one of the 100+ pure
substances

that make up everything in the


universe
Examples of Elements

C = Carbon Na = Sodium
O = Oxygen Ca = Calcium
H = Hydrogen K = Potassium

N = Nitrogen I = Iodine

S = Sulfur Cl = Chlorine
P = Phosphorus
Atom the smallest particle making up
elements
Sub-atomic Particles

Protons p+ - positive
charge, in nucleus

Neutrons n0 – no
charge, in nucleus

Electrons - e- negative charge, orbiting


nucleus
Drawing an Atom of Carbon

6 Atomic # = # of p+ and # of e-

C Carbon has 6 p+ and 6 e-

12.011 Atomic Mass minus Atomic # = # of n0

Carbon has 6 n0
Drawing an Atom of Carbon

e-
e-

6 p+
e- e-
6 n0

e-
e-
Compounds

Compounds - 2 or more
elements chemically
combined to form a new
substance with
new properties
Properties – The way a
chemical substance looks and
behaves
Compounds

Compounds – are made of 2 or


more different atoms
combined to form Molecules
O
H+O H2O
H H
=
Chemical formula lists the Structural formula shows
number of different atoms the arrangement of the
in a single molecule atoms in a single molecule
Molecules

Glucose Sugar H
H C OH
C6H12 O6 C O
H H H
C H C
OH
OH OH
C C
Chemical formula
H OH
Structural formula
Compounds

Inorganic Organic
or
Compounds Compounds
• usually don’t contain • always contain C & H and
Carbon usually O, N, sometimes
• generally come from the S&P
earth • originate in organisms
• generally simple molecules • generally complex molecules
Examples of Inorganic
Compounds

H + O = H2O = Water

H + Cl = HCl = Hydrochloric Acid

C + O = CO2 = Carbon Dioxide

Na + Cl = NaCl = Common Table


Salt
Examples of Organic
Compounds

C, H + O Carbohydrates = Sugars,
starches & cellulose
C, H + O Lipids = Fats & Oils
C, H, O, N, & Protein
sometimes P + S s
C, H, O, N, + P Nucleic Acids – DNA &
RNA
Chemistry

Diga, diga, diga, diga,


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