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Principles For Teaching Listening

This document discusses two techniques for teaching listening: bottom-up processing and top-down processing. Bottom-up processing involves paying close attention to every detail of the language input and building understanding from individual sounds and words. Top-down processing uses a listener's prior knowledge to make predictions about the incoming message and how parts fit into the whole. Effective listening instruction incorporates both bottom-up and top-down processing through interactive activities.

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Ais Kosong
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52 views

Principles For Teaching Listening

This document discusses two techniques for teaching listening: bottom-up processing and top-down processing. Bottom-up processing involves paying close attention to every detail of the language input and building understanding from individual sounds and words. Top-down processing uses a listener's prior knowledge to make predictions about the incoming message and how parts fit into the whole. Effective listening instruction incorporates both bottom-up and top-down processing through interactive activities.

Uploaded by

Ais Kosong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Principles

for teaching
listening
2 techniques

Bottom-up Top-down
Bottom-up processing Top-down processing

Externally based Internally based

Involves the listener playing close Involves the listener’s ability to bring
attention to every detail of the language prior information to bear on the task of
input. understanding the ‘heard’ language.

The understanding of the “heard” Used by the listener to make predictions


language is worked out proceeding from about what the incoming message is
sounds to words to grammatical expected to be at any point, and how
relationships to lexical meaning. the pieces fit into whole.

Example: students listen to a


example: students listen to a pair of
conversation and choose a picture
words and circle If the words are or
showing the correct location of the
different.
dialogue
Bottom-
up
Interactive process
The product of
reader’s
interaction with
the info & prior
knowledge
Top-
down

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