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Grammar Translation Method and Direct Method

The Grammar Translation method and The Direct method of language teaching as given in Techniques and Principles of language teaching by Diane Larsen Freeman

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Batool Zaidi
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521 views

Grammar Translation Method and Direct Method

The Grammar Translation method and The Direct method of language teaching as given in Techniques and Principles of language teaching by Diane Larsen Freeman

Uploaded by

Batool Zaidi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Grammar-

Translation Method

PRINCIPLES AND
TECHNIQUES
IN LANGUAGE TEACHING
Ten Important Questions: Qualifying Criteria

 Learning Goals?

 Role of the teacher?

 Characteristics of teaching/learning process?

 Nature of teacher/learner, learner/learner


interaction?

 Dealing with affective factor? (feelings of learners)


Questions Continued……

 Connection b/w language and culture?

 Which areas of language/skills are emphasized?

 Role of L1? (L1 influence)

 Method for evaluation?

 Teacher’s response to student errors?


GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD
“Some Facts”

 ”To know everything about something rather than


the thing itself” (W.H.D Rouse)
 Dominated from 1840’s to 1940’s.
 Propaganda against it was initiated by the group in
favor of German and French (non-classical
languages)
 GT was first known in the U.S as Prussian Method,
alternatively called The Classical Method due to its
connection with classical Languages.
PRINCIPLES OF GTM

 Reading : Literary language > Spoken language

 Translate: 2nd Important goal of learning

 Instructions in L1: Oral proficiency not the goal

 Written answers: Develop Reading and Writing

 Role of teacher: Authoritative, students remain


Passive.
Principles Continued…….
 L2 regresses to L1: Use of supplementary words
from L1

 Similarities b/w L1 & L2: Matching structures in L1/L2

 Grammar rules : Form of the target lang. is Important

 Applying lang. rules on examples: Deductive/Explicit


approach

 Memorization: Language learning is a mental exercise,


(memorizing vocab/grammatical rules)
TECHNIQUES
Translation Fill In The Blanks

Reading Comprehension Memorization

Antonyms/Synonyms Use words in Sentences

Cognates Composition

Deductive Application of
Rule
THE DIRECT METHOD

 Came up as a reaction to GTM.

 Goal is to enable learners to communicate in L2.

 Opposition to translation is a primary rule.


PRINCIPLES OF DIRECT METHOD
 Reading: Speaking > Writing

 Visual Aid: Use of Charts/Pictures/ … Realia

 Instructions in L2: use of L1 is avoided

 Demonstrate : use of blackboard/ examples for


answering queries

 Thinking in L2: Students answer using L2 only

 Purpose of Learning: Communication in target lang

 Pronunciation: Emphasis on pronunciation


Principles Continued…….
 Error Correction: Self-correction facilitated

 Type of activities: Conversational (teacher/student,


Student/student i-e contextual use)

 Grammar teaching: Strictly Inductive (implicit)

 Writing: Important, Developed from beginning

 Syllabus type: Situational, not linguistically oriented

 Culture: culture associated with L2 also taught


TECHNIQUES

Reading aloud Fill in the blank


exercises
Question & answer Dictation
exercise
Facilitating Self- Map Drawing
Correction
Conversation Practice Paragraph Writing

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