CSE310: Programming in Java

Topic: Java Platform Overview

By
Arvind Kumar
Asst. Professor, LPU
 Outlines
• Introduction
• Why Java?
• Where it is used?
• Characteristics of Java
• Java Platform Editions
• Evolution of Java
• Understanding JDK, JRE and JVM
• How Java is platform-independent
• Evaluating Java libraries, middle-ware, and database
options
 Procedural Programming Languages
• Many early programming languages followed a paradigm
called Procedural Programming.
• These languages use a sequential pattern of program
execution.
• Drawbacks to procedural programming:
– Difficult to translate real-world use cases to a
sequential pattern
– Difficult to maintain programs
– Difficult to enhance as needed
 JAVA
 Java is a general purpose object-oriented programming
language.

 Java is a high level, robust, secured and platform

independent.

 Developed by Sun Microsystems (James Gosling).

Platform: Any hardware or software environment in

which a program runs, is known as a platform.
 Why Java?

 Java is the Internet programming language.

 Java enables users to develop and deploy applications

on the Internet for servers, desktop computers, and
small hand-held devices.
 Where it is Used?
 According to Sun, 3 billion devices run java.

• Desktop Applications such as acrobat reader, media player,

antivirus etc.

• Web Applications such as irctc.co.in, javatpoint.com etc.

• Enterprise Applications such as banking applications.

• Mobile Applications

• Embedded System, Smart Card, Robotics, Games etc.

 Characteristics of Java
• Java Is Simple
• Java Is Object-Oriented
• Java Is Distributed
• Java Is Interpreted
• Java Is Robust
• Java Is Secure
• Java Is Architecture-Neutral
• Java Is Portable
• Java's Performance
• Java Is Multithreaded
• Java Is Dynamic
 Characteristics of Java
• Java Is Simple Java is partially modeled on C++, but
greatly simplified and improved. Some
• Java Is Object-Oriented people refer to Java as "C++--" because it
• Java Is Distributed is like C++ but with more functionality and
fewer negative aspects.
• Java Is Interpreted
• Java Is Robust
• Java Is Secure
• Java Is Architecture-Neutral
• Java Is Portable
• Java's Performance
• Java Is Multithreaded
• Java Is Dynamic
 Characteristics of Java
• Java Is Simple Java is inherently object-oriented.
Although many object-oriented
• Java Is Object-Oriented languages began strictly as procedural
• Java Is Distributed languages, Java was designed from
the start to be object-oriented. Object-
• Java Is Interpreted
oriented programming (OOP) is a
• Java Is Robust popular programming approach that is
• Java Is Secure replacing traditional procedural
programming techniques.
• Java Is Architecture-Neutral
• Java Is Portable One of the central issues in software
development is how to reuse code.
• Java's Performance Object-oriented programming provides
• Java Is Multithreaded great flexibility, modularity, clarity, and
reusability through encapsulation,
• Java Is Dynamic inheritance, and polymorphism.
 Characteristics of Java
• Java Is Simple Distributed computing involves several
computers working together on a
• Java Is Object-Oriented network. Java is designed to make
• Java Is Distributed distributed computing easy. Since
networking capability is inherently
• Java Is Interpreted
integrated into Java, writing network
• Java Is Robust programs is like sending and receiving
• Java Is Secure data to and from a file.

• Java Is Architecture-Neutral
• Java Is Portable
• Java's Performance
• Java Is Multithreaded
• Java Is Dynamic
 Characteristics of Java
• Java Is Simple You need an interpreter to run Java
programs. The programs are compiled
• Java Is Object-Oriented into the Java Virtual Machine code
• Java Is Distributed called bytecode. The bytecode is
machine-independent and can run on
• Java Is Interpreted
any machine that has a Java
• Java Is Robust interpreter, which is part of the Java
• Java Is Secure Virtual Machine (JVM).

• Java Is Architecture-Neutral
• Java Is Portable
• Java's Performance
• Java Is Multithreaded
• Java Is Dynamic
 Characteristics of Java
• Java Is Simple Java compilers can detect many
problems that would first show up at
• Java Is Object-Oriented execution time in other languages.
• Java Is Distributed
Java has eliminated certain types of
• Java Is Interpreted
error-prone programming constructs
• Java Is Robust found in other languages.
• Java Is Secure
Java has a runtime exception-handling
• Java Is Architecture-Neutral feature to provide programming
• Java Is Portable support for robustness.
• Java's Performance
• Java Is Multithreaded
• Java Is Dynamic
 Characteristics of Java
• Java Is Simple
• Java Is Object-Oriented
• Java Is Distributed
• Java Is Interpreted
No explicit pointer
• Java Is Robust Programs run inside virtual machine
• Java Is Secure sandbox.
• Java Is Architecture-Neutral
• Java Is Portable
• Java's Performance
• Java Is Multithreaded
• Java Is Dynamic
 Characteristics of Java
• Java Is Simple
• Java Is Object-Oriented
• Java Is Distributed
• Java Is Interpreted
• Java Is Robust
• Java Is Secure
• Java Is Architecture-Neutral Write once, run anywhere
• Java Is Portable
With a Java Virtual Machine (JVM),
• Java's Performance you can write one program that will
• Java Is Multithreaded run on any platform.

• Java Is Dynamic
 Characteristics of Java
• Java Is Simple
• Java Is Object-Oriented
• Java Is Distributed
• Java Is Interpreted
• Java Is Robust
• Java Is Secure
• Java Is Architecture-Neutral
• Java Is Portable Because Java is architecture neutral,
Java programs are portable. They can
• Java's Performance
be run on any platform without being
• Java Is Multithreaded recompiled.
• Java Is Dynamic
 Characteristics of Java
• Java Is Simple
• Java Is Object-Oriented
• Java Is Distributed
• Java Is Interpreted
• Java Is Robust
• Java Is Secure
• Java Is Architecture-Neutral
• Java Is Portable Java is faster than traditional
interpretation since byte code is "close"
• Java's Performance
to native code still somewhat slower
• Java Is Multithreaded than a compiled language (e.g., C++)
• Java Is Dynamic
 Characteristics of Java
• Java Is Simple
• Java Is Object-Oriented
• Java Is Distributed
• Java Is Interpreted
• Java Is Robust
• Java Is Secure
• Java Is Architecture-Neutral
• Java Is Portable
• Java's Performance
Multithread programming is smoothly
• Java Is Multithreaded integrated in Java, whereas in other
• Java Is Dynamic languages you have to call procedures
specific to the operating system to enable
multithreading.
 Characteristics of Java
• Java Is Simple
• Java Is Object-Oriented
• Java Is Distributed
• Java Is Interpreted
• Java Is Robust
• Java Is Secure
• Java Is Architecture-Neutral
• Java Is Portable
• Java's Performance Java was designed to adapt to an evolving
environment. New code can be loaded on the
• Java Is Multithreaded fly without recompilation. There is no need for
developers to create, and for users to install,
• Java Is Dynamic major new software versions. New features can
be incorporated transparently as needed.
 Java Platform Editions

• A Java Platform Editions is the set of APIs, class

libraries, and other programs used in developing Java
programs for specific applications.
There are 3 Java Platform Editions
1. Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE)
• Core Java Platform targeting applications running on
workstations

2. Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE)

• Component-based approach to developing distributed,
multi-tier enterprise applications

3. Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME)

• Targeted at small, stand-alone or connectable
consumer and embedded devices
Understanding JDK, JRE and JVM
 Understanding JDK & JRE
JDK
 JDK is an acronym for Java Development Kit.
 It physically exists. It contains JRE and development tools.

JRE
 JRE is an acronym for Java Runtime Environment.
 It is the implementation of JVM and used to provide runtime
environment.
 It contains set of libraries and other files that JVM uses at
runtime.
 Understanding JVM
 JVM (Java Virtual Machine) is an abstract machine.
 It is a specification that provides runtime environment in
which java byte code can be executed.
 JVMs are available for many hardware and software
platforms.

 The JVM performs following main tasks:

• Loads code
• Verifies code
• Executes code
• Provides runtime environment
Internal Architecture of JVM
How Java is Platform-independent?
How Java is Platform-independent?
 How Java is Platform-independent?

 The source code (program) written in java is saved as a

file with .java extension.

 The java compiler “javac” compiles the source code and

produces the platform independent intermediate code
called BYTE CODE. It is a highly optimized set of
instructions designed to be executed by the JVM.
 How Java is Platform-independent?
 The byte code is not native to any platform because java
compiler doesn’t interact with the local platform while
generating byte code.

 It means that the Byte code generated on Windows is

same as the byte code generated on Linux for the same
java code.

 The Byte code generated by the compiler would be saved

as a file with .class extension. As it is not generated for
any platform, can’t be directly executed on any CPU.
 Java Libraries, Middle-ware,
and Database options
 java.lang
 java.util
 java.sql
 java.io
 java.nio
 java.awt
 javax.swing